Table 2.

Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model: time-to-renal disease ^*

Features	Full Model		Reduced Model
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Gender, Female	0.80	0.52–1.23
Age at disease onset†	0.91	0.85–0.96	0.90	0.85–0.95
Ethnic group
Caucasian	reference group
Mestizo	1.55	1.13–2.13	1.61	1.19–2.17
African-Latin American	1.47	0.94–2.29	1.35	0.88–2.07
Residence
Urban	reference group
Rural	1.17	0.71–1.92
Socioeconomic Status
Upper/upper-middle	reference group
Middle	1.67	0.91–3.08
Lower-middle/lower	1.68	0.92–3.05
Education, years
More than 12	reference group
8–12	0.98	0.66–1.45
0–7	0.93	0.60–1.46
Hypertension	3.96	2.97–5.30	3.99	3.02–5.26
Discoid rash	0.59	0.35–1.00
Photosensitivity	0.76	0.57–1.01	0.74	0.56–0.98
SLEDAI score at diagnosis	1.04	1.01–1.06	1.04	1.01–1.06
Antimalarial use	0.65	0.47–0.90	0.57	0.43–0.77
Glucocorticoid dose, pulse	1.04	0.58–1.89
Glucocorticoid dose, oral
No	reference group
Low (≤20mg/day)	0.74	0.49–1.10
Medium (>20–<60 mg/day)	0.84	0.58–1.22
High (≥60mg/day)	0.69	0.44–1.07

^*See Table 1 for additional definitions.

^†For every 5 years.