Table 1.
Participant characteristics by tertile of average leptin measured across ≤ 2 menstrual cycles (N=259 women)
| Tertile of average leptin across ≤ 2 menstrual cycles: Mean± SD (min, max)n(column %) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant Characteristics |
All (N=259b) |
1st Tertile < 13.7 ng/mL (n=85) |
2nd Tertile 13.7 to 28.2 ng/mL (n=85) |
3rd Tertile ≥ 28.2 ng/mL (n=89) |
P-valuea | ||||
| Age, years | 27.3 ± 8.2 | (18 , 44) | 27.8 ± 8 | (18 , 43) | 26.9 ± 8.8 | (18 , 44) | 27.2 ± 8 | (18 , 44) | 0.78 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.9 | (16.1 , 35.0) | 21.2 ± 2 | (16.1 , 27.3) | 23.6 ± 2.6 | (18.5 , 30.2) | 27.3 ± 3.9 | (18.4 , 35.0) | <0.0001 |
| Percent body fatc | 29.5 ± 6.0 | (15.1 , 45.2) | 23.7 ± 3.4 | (15.8 , 33.7) | 29.6 ± 3.6 | (15.1 , 37.6) | 35.1 ± 4.1 | (24.8 , 45.2) | <0.0001 |
| Race | 0.13 | ||||||||
| White | 154 | ( 59.5 ) | 56 | ( 65.9 ) | 54 | ( 63.5 ) | 44 | ( 49.4 ) | |
| African American | 51 | ( 19.7 ) | 13 | ( 15.3 ) | 13 | ( 15.3 ) | 25 | ( 28.1 ) | |
| Other race | 54 | ( 20.8 ) | 16 | ( 18.8 ) | 18 | ( 21.2 ) | 20 | ( 22.5 ) | |
|
Education (highest grade completed) |
0.01 | ||||||||
| Post-secondary | 226 | ( 87.3 ) | 79 | ( 92.9 ) | 77 | ( 90.6 ) | 70 | ( 78.7 ) | |
| ≤ High school | 33 | ( 12.7 ) | 6 | ( 7.1 ) | 8 | ( 9.4 ) | 19 | ( 21.3 ) | |
| Marital status | 0.85 | ||||||||
| Single/divorced | 193 | ( 74.5 ) | 62 | ( 72.9 ) | 65 | ( 76.5 ) | 66 | ( 74.2 ) | |
| Married/living as married | 66 | ( 25.5 ) | 23 | ( 27.1 ) | 20 | ( 23.5 ) | 23 | ( 25.8 ) | |
| Nulliparous | 187 | ( 74 ) | 57 | ( 67.1 ) | 65 | ( 76.5 ) | 65 | ( 73.0 ) | 0.51 |
|
Physical activity at baseline |
1.0 | ||||||||
| Low | 25 | ( 9.7 ) | 8 | ( 9.4 ) | 8 | ( 9.4 ) | 9 | ( 10.1 ) | |
| Moderate | 92 | ( 35.5 ) | 30 | ( 35.3 ) | 31 | ( 36.5 ) | 31 | ( 34.8 ) | |
| High | 142 | ( 54.8 ) | 47 | ( 55.3 ) | 46 | ( 54.1 ) | 49 | ( 55.1 ) | |
| Smoking | 0.44 | ||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 249 | ( 96.1 ) | 80 | ( 94.1 ) | 82 | ( 96.5 ) | 87 | ( 97.8 ) | |
| Current smoker | 10 | ( 3.9 ) | 5 | ( 5.9 ) | 3 | ( 3.5 ) | 2 | ( 2.2 ) | |
| ≥1 Anovulatory cycled | 35 | ( 13.5 ) | 15 | ( 17.6 ) | 8 | ( 9.4 ) | 12 | ( 13.5 ) | 0.30 |
| Perceived stress scoree | 20.2 ± 6.8 | (3 , 44) | 19.8 ± 6.2 | (6 , 34) | 19.7 ± 6.2 | (7 , 38) | 21.0 ± 7.9 | (3 , 44) | 0.34 |
| Dietary intakef | |||||||||
| Total caloric intake, kcal | 1607± 354 | (793, 2686) | 1626 ± 364 | (793 , 2622) | 1611 ± 359 | (858 , 2686) | 1587 ± 344 | (821 , 2667) | 0.76 |
| Total fat, g | 62.1 ± 18.5 | (18.5 , 133.9) | 62.9 ± 16.4 | (28.6 , 113.4) | 62.1 ± 19.8 | (26.1 , 124.1) | 61.5 ± 19.4 | (18.5 , 133.9) | 0.88 |
| Total carbohydrate, g | 201.1 ± 49.0 | (75.7 , 330.3) | 202.9 ± 52.9 | (92.5 , 325.3) | 200.6 ± 47.0 | (94.2 , 330.3) | 199.9 ± 47.4 | (75.7 , 312.4) | 0.91 |
| Total protein, g | 62.2 ± 15.6 | (26.3 , 132.1) | 63.2 ± 17.0 | (28.5 , 132.1) | 63.0 ± 14.7 | (37.6 , 108.8) | 60.4 ± 15.1 | (26.3 , 100.1) | 0.41 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; kcal, kilocalorie
a
Two-sided P-values for continuous variables calculated using ANOVA and categorical variables using Fisher’s Exact test.
b
250 women were followed for 2 cycles, 9 women were followed for 1 cycle, for a total of 509 cycles.
c
248 participants were assessed for percent body fat at end of study.
d
Twenty-eight women in the study had only one anovulatory cycle, and seven women in the study had two anovulatory cycles.
e
Perceived stress score measured at baseline.
f
Averaged over up to 8 24-hour dietary recalls conducted during the study.