Table 2.
Comparison of undesirability of selected activities in the three phases of VBC among laboratory (n = 19) and non-laboratory professionals (n = 101)
|
Profession
|
Total | p -value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory professionals frequency (%) | Non-laboratory professional frequency (%) | |||
|
1. Pre-collection phase
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patient identification frequency
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
0 (0%) |
48 (47.5%) |
48 (40%) |
<0.001
*
|
|
Conscious patient identification
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
17 (89.5%) |
78 (77.2%) |
95 (79.2%) |
0.357* |
|
Unconscious patient identification
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
8 (42.1%) |
41 (40.6%) |
49 (40.8%) |
0.895§ |
|
Diet restriction assessment
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
12 (63.2%) |
37 (36.6%) |
49 (40.8%) |
0.057
§
|
|
Allowing patients to rest in sitting
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
11 (57.9%) |
60 (59.4%) |
71 (59.2%) |
0.895§ |
|
Labeling test tubes
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
0 (0%) |
22 (21.8%) |
22 (18.3%) |
0.022
*
|
|
Checking expiry dates of test tubes
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
2 (10.5%) |
34 (33.7%) |
36 (30%) |
0.056
*
|
|
2. Actual collection phase
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vein selection procedure
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
6 (31.6%) |
50 (49.5%) |
56 (46.7%) |
0.236§ |
|
Wearing gloves
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
4 (21.1%) |
12 (11.9%) |
16 (13.3%) |
0.281* |
|
Puncture site cleansing
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
6 (31.6%) |
31 (30.7%) |
37 (30.8%) |
0.846§ |
|
Wetness of the site during needle insertion
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
2 (10.5%) |
29 (28.7%) |
31 (25.8%) |
0.151* |
|
Way of pulling syringe plunger out of veins
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
0 (0%) |
4 (4.0%) |
4 (3.3%) |
1.000* |
|
Patients’ hand position during sampling
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
16 (84.2%) |
65 (64.4%) |
81 (67.5%) |
0.113* |
|
Timing of tourniquet removal
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
12 (63.2%) |
37 (36.6%) |
49 (40.8%) |
0.057
§
|
|
3. Post-collection phase
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specimen transferring practice
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
3 (15.8%) |
64 (63.4%) |
67 (55.8%) |
<0.001
*
|
|
Mixing specimen with additives
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
1 (5.3%) |
64 (63.4%) |
65 (54.2%) |
<0.001
*
|
|
Specimen storage
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable |
1 (5.3%) |
26 (25.7%) |
27 (22.5%) |
0.070* |
|
Specimen transport
|
|
|
|
|
| Undesirable | 2 (10.5%) | 45 (44.6%) | 47 (39.2%) | 0.005 * |
§Chi-square test, *Fisher’s exact test, VBC = Venous Blood Collection.