Table 1. Baseline demographic characteristic of hemodialysis (HD) patients.
| Total (n = 75) | IL-18 <654.2 pg/ml (n = 38) | IL-18 ≥654.2 pg/ml (n = 37) | p ★ | |
| Age (years) | 66.4±10.9 | 66.4±11.1 | 66.4±10.9 | 0.97 |
| Male, n (%) | 31 (41%) | 16 (42%) | 15 (41%) | 0.89 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.9±2.8 | 21.8±3.1 | 22.0±2.5 | 0.76 |
| Heart Rate (beats/minute) | 77.1±12.1 | 76.8±13.3 | 77.5±10.9 | 0.81 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 146.1±16.0 | 145.3±16.4 | 147.0±15.9 | 0.65 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.9±8.5 | 75.9±7.1 | 77.9±9.6 | 0.30 |
| HD duration (years)‡ | 6.1±5.1 | 5.0±3.7 | 7.4±6.2 | 0.24 |
| Kt/V | 1.70±0.24 | 1.74±0.26 | 1.67±0.21 | 0.22 |
| IDWG (%) | 5.2±1.8 | 4.9±1.5 | 5.5±2.1 | 0.18 |
| Concomitant diseases, number (%) | ||||
| Prevalent CAD | 30 (40%) | 12 (32%) | 17 (46%) | 0.20 |
| Heart failure under control | 12 (16%) | 5 (13%) | 7 (19%) | 0.50 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 38 (51%) | 18 (47%) | 20 (54%) | 0.56 |
| Hypertension | 64 (85%) | 32 (84%) | 32 (86%) | 0.78 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 20 (27%) | 11 (29%) | 9 (24%) | 0.65 |
| LV hypertrophy | 60 (80%) | 29 (76%) | 31 (84%) | 0.67 |
| Chronic hepatitis | 38 (51%) | 14 (37%) | 24 (65%) | 0.02 |
| Cardiovascular drugs, number (%) | ||||
| CCB | 41 (55%) | 20 (53%) | 21 (57%) | 0.72 |
| β-Blockade | 34 (45%) | 17 (45%) | 17 (46%) | 0.92 |
| ACEIs/ARBs | 42 (56%) | 21 (55%) | 21 (57%) | 0.90 |
| Statin | 12 (16%) | 5 (13%) | 7 (19%) | 0.50 |
| Serum biochemistry study | ||||
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.2±0.8 | 9.3±0.8 | 9.1±0.8 | 0.45 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.5±1.3 | 4.5±1.3 | 4.5±1.4 | 0.87 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.3±0.3 | 3.4±0.3 | 3.3±0.4 | 0.17 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167.2±38.6 | 169.6±36.6 | 164.8±40.8 | 0.60 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL)‡ | 143.9±114.0 | 156.4±144.7 | 131.3±71.4 | 0.91 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml)‡ | 20.1±59.5 | 27.3±81.9 | 12.2±9.0 | 0.76 |
| IL-18 (pg/ml)‡ | 949.1±750.0 | 731.6±550.5 | 1172.4±862.3 | <0.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL)‡ | 1.0±1.5 | 0.5±0.5 | 1.5±2.0 | 0.03 |
| PICP (ng/ml) | 878.5±382.5 | 842.8±356.8 | 917.4±410.3 | 0.41 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II-receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IDWG, inter-dialytic weight gain; IL, interleukin; LV, left ventricular; PICP procollagen type I C-terminal peptide.; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD.
‡
Non-normal distributed continuous data.
★ p value by Student's t-test for normal distributed continuous data, nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test for non-normal distributed continuous data, and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.