Table 2.
Descriptive Characteristics of Dependent Variables, by Gender (a)
| Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Waves 1 through 3 combined | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males (n = 743) % (n) |
Females (n = 751) % (n) |
Males (n = 743) % (n) |
Females (n = 751) % (n) |
Males (n = 743) % (n) |
Females (n = 751) % (n) |
Males (n = 743) % (n) |
Females (n = 751) % (n) |
|
|
Past Year Medical Use of Opioid Medication
|
||||||||
| Used on at least 1 occasion | 7.8% (58) | 15.5% (116) | 8.9% (66) | 15.2% (114) | 9.3% (69) | 15.8% (119) | 21.6%*** (161) | 35.0%*** (263) |
| Used on only 1 or 2 occasions | 5.4% (40) | 11.7% (88) | 7.6% (56) | 11.9% (89) | 7.4% (55) | 12.7% (95) | 17.8%*** (132) | 30.0%*** (225) |
| Used on 3 or more occasions | 2.4% (18) | 3.8% (28) | 1.3% (10) | 3.3% (25) | 1.9% (14) | 3.1% (24) | 4.6%*** (34) | 9.2%*** (69) |
|
Past Year Medical Misuse of Opioid Medication (Used Too Much)
|
||||||||
| Used on at least 1 occasion | 1.7% (13) | 2.1% (16) | 1.2% (9) | 2.6% (20) | 0.8% (6) | 2.6% (20) | 3.6%* (27) | 6.3%* (47) |
| Used on only 1 or 2 occasions | 0.8% (6) | 1.6% (12) | 0.7% (5) | 1.6% (12) | 0.5% (4) | 1.7% (13) | 2.0%** (15) | 4.7%** (35) |
| Used on 3 or more occasions | 0.9% (7) | 0.5% (4) | 0.5% (4) | 1.0% (8) | 0.3% (2) | 0.9% (7) | 1.6% (12) | 2.0% (15) |
|
Past Year Medical Misuse of Opioid Medication (Used To Get High)
|
||||||||
| Used on at least 1 occasion | 1.2% (9) | 0.8% (6) | 0.5% (4) | 1.6% (12) | 0.4% (3) | 1.0% (8) | 2.0% (15) | 3.3% (25) |
| Used on only 1 or 2 occasions | 1.2% (9) | 0.6% (5) | 0.1% (1) | 1.3% (10) | 0.1% (1) | 0.5% (4) | 1.4% (11) | 2.5% (19) |
| Used on 3 or more occasions | 0.0% (0) | 0.2% (1) | 0.4% (3) | 0.3% (2) | 0.3% (2) | 0.5% (4) | 0.5% (4) | 0.8% (6) |
|
Past Year Nonmedical Use of Opioid Medication
|
||||||||
| Used on at least 1 occasion | 2.6% (19) | 5.7% (43) | 3% (22) | 5.3% (40) | 3.1% (23) | 5.5% (41) | 7.7%*** (57) | 13.7%*** (103) |
| Used on only 1 or 2 occasions | 1.8% (13) | 3.0% (23) | 1.8% (13) | 3.2% (24) | 1.8% (13) | 3.5% (26) | 5.2%** (39) | 8.7%** (65) |
| Used on 3 or more occasions | 0.8% (6) | 2.7% (20) | 1.2% (9) | 2.1% (16) | 1.3% (10) | 1.9% (15) | 3.1%** (23) | 6.0%** (45) |
(a) 2 × 2 Chi-square analysis were run to examine gender differences in opioid use among the 3 combined waves. Adding the frequencies of respondents who used on only 1 or 2 occasions with those who used on 3 or more occasions will not equal the frequencies for all the respondents who used on at least 1 occasion for the combined waves only (e.g. a respondent could use on only 1 or 2 occasions at wave 1 and then used on 3 or more occasions at wave 2).
*
p<.05,
**
p<.01,
***
p<.001