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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2013 Dec 28;68:20–28. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.012

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Calcium channel inhibition leads to development of phase 2 reentry and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in a left ventricular wedge preparation. Each panel shows simultaneous recordings from one endocardial (Endo) and two epicardial (Epi) sites together with a pseudo-ECG. A: Control; B: NS5806 (7 μM) accentuated the Epi action potential (AP) notch causing the appearance of a distinct J wave. C: Addition of verapamil (3 μM) to pharmacologically model loss of function calcium channel mutations further accentuated the epicardial AP notch, thus greatly amplifying the J wave, causing it to appear as an ST segment elevation. Phase 2 reentry and polymorphic VT/ ventricular fibrillation developed 15 min after addition of verapamil. Basic Cycle Length=1000 ms.