Fig. 2.
Typical force and EMG measurements during one experimental block (subject 1, session 2). Temporal trajectories of a grip force FG (dotted line target grip force; solid line measured grip force), b force counteracting the imposed elbow moment ME (positive: resisting elbow extension; MEF, negative: resisting elbow flexion; MEE), and c–h EMG recordings. In the experimental block shown, the following six elbow joint moments were applied: no moment, 30 % MEFmax, 15 % MEEmax, 30 % MEEmax, 30 % MEFmax, and no moment, which is also indicated by b. Note that only a subset of the EMG data (final 3-s at each FG level) were used for the data analysis