Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics (N = 400)
| Characteristic | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age ≥ 65 | 51 (13) |
| Female Sex | 270 (68) |
| Race or Ethnic Group | |
| White | 255 (64) |
| Black | 24 (6) |
| Hispanic | 100 (25) |
| Overweight/Obese | 247 (62) |
| Above Goal Waist Circumferencea | 163 (41) |
| Statinb Use | 61 (15) |
| Smoker | 40 (10) |
| Physical Activity ≤ 3 days/week | 309 (77) |
| Dietary Intake (% of kcal/day)c | Mean ± SD |
| Trans Fat | 2.5 ± 1 |
| Total Fat | 37.8 ± 7 |
| Saturated Fat | 10.6 ± 3 |
| Monounsaturated Fat | 15.0 ± 3 |
| Polyunsaturated Fat | 9.2 ± 3 |
| Omega-3 Fatty Acids | 0.8 ± 0.3 |
| Carbohydrate | 45.6 ± 8 |
| Protein | 16.2 ± 3 |
| Alcohol | 3.5 ± 4.8 |
| Serum Lipid Measures | Mean ± SD |
| LDL Particle Number (nmol/L) | 1185 ± 37 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 202.6 ± 38 |
| Direct LDL (mg/dl) | 128.1 ± 35 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 114.2 ± 64 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | |
| Men | 48.2 ± 13 |
| Women | 65.0 ± 19 |
a
Men ≥ 40 inches or women ≥ 35 inches;
b
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin);
c
Dietary intake in percent of kilocalories (% of kcal) per day was measured as the amount of kilocalories per macronutrient consumed in one day divided by the total number of kilocalories consumed in one day per participant.