Figure 3. Pain, Psychological Processes and Behavioral Consequences.

Following a pain (a sensory or emotional experience to an actual trauma or perceived bodily threat), a number of psychological processes including those listed here are involved in response. These change processes may be resilient or resistant to the inciting events or become altered as noted in examples of behavioral consequences. Additionally, alterations in one system may have consequences in another. The understanding of how these systems interact and can be targeted will have significant implications on treatment approaches.