Table 1. Studies characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Year	Study design	Definition of HFPEF (LVEF)	Entry age (years)	Sample size	Beta-blockers group (N)	Non-beta-blocker group (N)	Mean follow-up (years)	Outcomes	estimate effect	Adjusted
SENIORS [10]	2009	RCT	> 40%	>70	643	320	323	1.75	All-cause mortality and HF hospitalization	HR	Yes
J-DHF [11]	2013	RCT	> 40%	> 20	245	120	125	3.2	Mortality and hospitalization for HF	RR	Yes
Fukuta H [23]	2005	PCS	≥ 50%	NA	137	68	69	1.75	Death	RR	Yes
Chan, J. D [24]	2005	PCS	≥ 40%	> 65	342	NA	NA	2.3	All-cause mortality	HR	Yes
Grigorian SL [25]	2005	PCS	> 50%	NA	416	98	318	4.57	Death	HR	Yes
OPTIMIZE-HF [26]	2009	PCS	> 40%	NA	4153	1621	2532	1	Mortality or readmission	HR	Yes
Farasat SM [12]	2009	PCS	≥ 50%	> 18	66	43	23	0.5	All-cause mortality and HF hospitalization	RR	No
Dobre D [7]	2010	PCS	≥ 40%	> 30	443	227	216	2.08	All-cause death	HR	Yes
Tehrani F [27]	2008	RCS	≥ 50%	> 80	142	51	91	5	Death	RR	No
R Shah [8]	2008	RCS	> 50%	> 65	13533	4562	8971	3	Death	RR	Yes
NevzorovRV [28]	2012	RCS	≥ 50%	> 18	345	154	191	2	Mortality	HR	Yes
El-Refai M [9]	2013	RCS	≥ 50%	> 18	741	570	171	2.1	Death or hospitalization	HR	Yes

HR: Hazard ratio; PCS: prospective cohort study; RCS: retrospective cohort study; RCT: randomized controlled trial; RR: relative risk; NA: not available.