Table 2.
Prediction from ODD symptoms from childhood through late adolescence to social outcomes in young adulthood
| Parameter values for ODD symptom count through adolescence |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Simple OR |
95% CI | Multiple OR |
95% CI | Other predictors |
| Poor peer relationships | 1.11* | 1.00-1.24 | 1.11* | 1.00-1.24 | None |
| Low number of friends | 1.18** | 1.05-1.31 | 1.18** | 1.05-1.31 | None |
| Low duration of friendships | 1.07 | 0.95-1.20 | - | - | None |
| Been fired from a job | 1 17** | 1.06-1.30 | - | - | CD*** |
| Problems with boss | 1.07 | 0.97-1.18 | - | - | None |
| Problems with coworkers | 1.11* | 1.00-1.23 | - | - | CD** |
| Nobody to provide recommendation |
1.20** | 1.06-1.36 | 1.20** | 1.06-1.36 | None |
| Relationship with mother | 1 17** | 1.04-1.32 | - | - | CD*** |
| Relationship with father | 1.20** | 1.07-1.35 | 1.20** | 1.07-1.35 | none |
| Has not had sex in past year | 1.13 | 0.97-1.32 | - | - | DEP** |
| Poor romantic relationship | 1 19*** | 1.07-1.33 | 1 19*** | 1.07-1.33 | none |
| Assaulted partner | 1.09 | 0.98-1.21 | - | - | None |
| Was assaulted by partner | 1.10 | 0.98-1.23 | - | - | None |
| Did not finish high school | 1 19** | 1.05-1.36 | - | - | CD*** |
| Health problems | 1.02 | 0.89-1.17 | - | - | DEP* |
| Serious injuries | 1.01 | 0.91-1.11 | - | - | None |
| Gunshot or stabbed | 1.13 | 0.98-1.32 | - | - | ADHD*†, CD*** |
| License ever suspended | 1.07 | 0.96-1.20 | - | - | ADHD** |
| Arrested | 1.08 | 0.96-1.21 | - | - | DEP*†, ADHD*** |
| Illicit drug use past year | 1.08 | 0.98-1.18 | - | - | None- |
Note: Each model included age as a covariate. OR = odds ratio; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder.
*
< .05;
**
< .01;
***
< .001,
†
= inversely associated. Empty cells indicate that ODD was not retained in multivariate models using stepwise removal of non-significant predictors.