Table 1. Synopsis of bone effects observed in transgenic VDR mouse models.
| Reference | Model | Age at testing | Cortical bone | Trabecular bone | Mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amling et al.8 | Vdr−/− (no rescue diet) | 70 days | >85% bone surface ↑↑ BV/TV | ||
| Vdr−/− (rescue diet) | 70 days | No Δ | No Δ | ||
| Gardiner et al.26 | OS-VDR | 4 and 9 months | 5% wider (tibia) | 20% ↑ in BV/TV (caudal vert) | 30% ↓ in resorption surface |
| Panda et al.20 | Cyp27b1−/− & Vdr−/− (rescue diet) | 4 months | ∼50% ↓ in BV/TV (tibia) | ↓ in mineral apposition rate | |
| Masayuma et al.35 | Chondrocyte Vdr−/− | 15 days 8 weeks | 50% ↓ in BV/TV No Δ | ↑ in FGF-23 & 1,25(OH)2D3 | |
| Xue et al.14 | Intestinal VDR rescue of Vdr−/− | 18 weeks | 18% ↑ | 18% ↑ | ↑ Intestinal calcium absoprtion? |
| Lieben et al.15 | Osteocyte Vdr−/− | 14 weeks | No Δ | No Δ | |
| Intestinal Vdr−/− | 14 weeks | 60% ↓ | ↓↓ | ↑ Resorption ↓ mineralization | |
| Yamamoto et al.34 | Vdr−/− (Rescue diet) | 18 weeks | No Δ | ||
| Heterozygote Vdr−/+ (rescue diet) | 18 weeks | 20% ↑ in BV/TV (tibia) | |||
| Osteoblast Vdr−/− | 18 weeks | No Δ | 30% ↓ in resorption surface |
Abbreviations: ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; Δ, difference; BV, bone volume; TV, trabecular volume; VDR, vitamin D receptor.