Table 2.
Dietary and biochemical data by season
| All Participants (N=121) | Black (N=82) | White (N=39) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summer | Winter | Summer | Winter | Summer | Winter | |
| Dietary Data | ||||||
| Combined Milk (servings/day) | 2.4 (1.7)* | 2.7 (1.9) | 2.3 (1.6)* | 2.7 (1.8) | 2.5 (2.0) | 2.5 (2.0) |
| Combined Milk + OJ (servings/day) | 2.8 (1.8)* | 3.2 (2.1) | 2.9 (1.8)* | 3.3 (2.2) | 2.7 (1.9) | 2.9 (1.8) |
| Dietary Calcium (mg/day) | 1114 (592)* | 1239 (789) | 1150 (577)* | 1295 (894) | 1037 (622) | 1120 (488) |
| Dietary Vitamin D (IU/day) | 430 (216) | 484 (307) | 421 (208)* | 507 (331) | 449 (232) | 437 (244) |
| Calcium intake <1000 mg/day | 48% | 47% | 47% | 41% | 50%* | 32% |
| Vitamin D intake <400 IU/day | 51% | 50% | 54% | 49% | 43% | 51% |
| Biochemical Data | ||||||
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.6 (0.3)*** | 9.8 (0.3) | 9.6 (0.3)*** | 9.8 (0.3) | 9.6 (0.3) | 9.7 (0.3) |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 5.0 (0.6) | 4.9 (0.5) | 5.0 (0.5) | 5.0 (0.5) | 4.8 (0.7) | 4.8 (0.5) |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.28 (0.3)* | 4.32 (0.3) | 4.2 (0.3) | 4.3 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 41.2 (13.0)*** | 34.5 (11.1) | 39.1 (11.5)** | 33.8 (11.3) | 45.5 (14.9)** | 36.2 (10.7) |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 37.0 (25.3) | 38.6 (23.7) | 38.7 (22.5) | 41.9 (23.5) | 33.0 (30.7) | 31.8 (23.1) |
| OC (ng/mL) | 17.1 (10.4) | 18.0 (11.2) | 17.2 (11.3) | 19.0 (11.3) | 16.9 (8.3) | 15.8 (10.9) |
| CTx (ng/mL) | 0.8 (0.3)*** | 0.9 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.3)*** | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.4) |
| Vitamin D Status | ||||||
| Deficient [25(OH)D <20 ng/mL] | 2%** | 6% | 2%* | 8% | 0% | 0% |
| Insufficient [25(OH)D 20 – <30 ng/mL] | 16% | 33% | 17% | 34% | 15% | 31% |
| Sufficient [25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL] | 82% | 61% | 81% | 58% | 82% | 69% |
summer vs. winter:
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001;
OJ: vitamin D-fortified orange juice