Table 1.
Summary Statistics for Demographics and Baseline Variables by Presence of Etomidate
| Characteristic | N | Etomidate (N = 1,928) | No Etomidate (N = 1,199) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Induction Agent | ||||
| Etomidate Only | 3,127 | 5.5% | 0.0% | <0.001 |
| Propofol Only | 3,127 | 0.0% | 3.9% | <0.001 |
| Midazolam Only | 3,127 | 0.0% | 38.9% | <0.001 |
| Etomidate and Propofol | 3,127 | 1.6% | 0.0% | <0.001 |
| Etomidate and Midazolam | 3,127 | 81.5% | 0.0% | <0.001 |
| Propofol and Midazolam | 3,127 | 0.0% | 54.0% | <0.001 |
| All three (E+P+M) | 3,127 | 11.4% | 0.0% | <0.001 |
| No agent | 3,127 | 0.0% | 3.2% | <0.001 |
| Propofol (Total) | 3,127 | 13.0% | 58.0% | <0.001 |
| Midazolam ( Total) | 3,127 | 92.9% | 92.9% | 0.97 |
| Age (years) | 3,127 | 63 (47 to 78) | 64 (45 to 79) | 0.45 |
| Male Gender | 3,127 | 66.1% | 64.6% | 0.38 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 3,069 | 28.3 (22.2 to 37.4) | 28.1 (21.9 to 37.3) | 0.42 |
| Race | 0.44 | |||
| Caucasian | 2,917 | 91.3% | 89.9% | |
| Black | 2,917 | 7.5% | 8.5% | |
| Other | 2,917 | 1.3% | 1.6% | |
| History of Diabetes | 3,127 | 31.7% | 31.1% | 0.71 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 3,103 | 1.07 (0.77 to 1.69) | 1.08 (0.79 to 1.72) | 0.38 |
| Ejection Fraction (%) | 2,623 | 55 (25 to 65) | 55 (25 to 65) | 0.05 |
| History of CHF | 3,127 | 23.0% | 18.3% | 0.002 |
| ACE inhibitor use | 3,127 | 35.0% | 33.5% | 0.40 |
| Cardiogenic Shock | 3,127 | 1.3% | 4.0% | <0.001 |
| Valve Surgery Only | 3,127 | 32.1% | 30.4% | 0.33 |
| Valve and CABG Surgery | 3,127 | 9.4% | 9.8% | 0.73 |
| CABG surgery on-pump | 3,127 | 15.8% | 7.8% | <0.001 |
| CABG surgery off-pump | 3,127 | 34.2% | 40.5% | <0.001 |
| Other surgery | 3,127 | 8.5% | 11.4% | 0.006 |
| Surgery Status | 0.49 | |||
| Elective | 3,122 | 66.7% | 65.5% | |
| Urgent and Emergent | 3,122 | 33.3% | 34.5% | |
Continuous variables were summarized with Median (10th, 90th percentile) and tested with Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. Categorical variables were summarized with percentages and tested with Chi-Square test. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI = body mass index; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CHF = congestive heart failure.