Table 2.

Characteristics Associated with In-Hospital Mortality, Bivariate and Multivariate Analyses

	Mortality (%)	p-valuea	Adjusted ORb	(95% CI)
Paracentesis
Yes	6.5	0.03	0.55	(0.41–0.74)
No	8.5		Ref
Age in years, mean (alive/died)	58.1/59.7	0.05
< 55	7.0	0.39	Ref
55–64	6.8		1.01	(0.70–1.45)
≥ 65	8.2		1.39	(0.89–2.19)
Sex
Male	6.9	0.36	Ref
Female	7.9		1.18	(0.84–1.66)
Race/ethnicity
White	8.0	0.13	Ref
Black	4.3		0.54	(0.28–1.04)
Hispanic	7.2		0.76	(0.50–1.15)
Other	5.4		0.62	(0.29–1.32)
Admission circumstances
Weekday	7.3	0.93	Ref
Weekend	7.3		0.97	(0.70–1.37)
Non-elective	7.4	0.25	Ref
Elective	5.4		0.64	(0.33–1.23)
Primary payer
Private	6.4	0.21	Ref
Medicare	7.3		0.93	(0.61–1.41)
Medicaid	6.9		1.34	(0.83–2.15)
Self-pay	8.9		1.88	(0.97–3.63)
Other	11.2		2.65	(1.33–5.25)
Median zip code income
1st quartile	7.4	0.64	Ref
2nd quartile	8.0		1.01	(0.64–1.60)
3rd quartile	6.2		0.86	(0.53–1.42)
4th quartile	7.5		0.78	(0.47–1.30)
Elixhauser index (alive/died)	3.6/4.0	<0.001	1.10	(1.00–1.21)
Sepsis
Yes	27.2	<0.001	5.94	(3.93–8.98)
No	5.7		Ref
Acute renal failure
Yes	16.4	<0.001	4.71	(3.37–6.57)
No	4.0		Ref
Hospital size
Small	7.0	0.62	Ref
Medium	6.5		1.01	(0.56–1.82)
Large	7.6		1.12	(0.65–1.90)
Ownership/control
Government, non-federal	8.2	0.45	Ref
Private, non-profit	6.8		0.72	(0.44–1.18)
Private, investor-owned	8.0		0.95	(0.55–1.63)
Hospital region
Northeast	7.3	0.04	Ref
Midwest	4.6		0.51	(0.29–0.92)
South	7.8		0.64	(0.41–1.02)
West	8.5		0.79	(0.49–1.26)
Teaching status
Non-teaching	7.3	0.87	Ref
Teaching	7.2		0.91	(0.65–1.27)
Location
Rural	6.8	0.72	Ref
Urban	7.3		1.00	(0.55–1.81)

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

^aStudent’s t-test used to compare means; Pearson’s χ² test used to compare proportions.

^bBased on a logistic regression model adjusting for all variables in the table