Figure 5.

Spongionella compounds preserves ROS and GSH levels in oxidative stress conditions. (a) ROS production was analyzed with the DCFH-DA reaction and all compounds reduced ROS with respect to the stress control; (b) GSH was determined by ThiolTracker™ Violet dye, maintaining the basal levels in neurons treated with compounds B and E. In both assays, ROS and GSH, compounds were co-incubated with 200 µM H₂O₂ at 1 and 0.1 µM. Data are expressed in percentage with respect to non-treated control and compared to cells treated with 200 µM H₂O₂ by ANOVA statistical analysis followed by post hoc Dunnett’s t test. * (p < 0.05), ** (p < 0.01) and *** (p < 0.001). Values are mean ± SEM of three or more independent experiments performed by triplicate.