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. 2014 Jan 27;12(2):734–745. doi: 10.3390/md12020734

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Accumulation of actively delivered nicotinamide as a function of microcapsule concentration. 4% Nicotinamide in activator solution was added to gel formulations containing 0 (control), 0.5, 0.75 or 1 mg microcapsules per square centimeter of skin (n ≥ 6). After 1 h the drug was removed and the skins were left in the diffusion cell for up to 5 h to allow subcutaneous diffusion of the delivered nicotinamide. Error bars represent means ± SD. The amount of nicotinamide delivered by the microcapsule gel was significantly greater than the amount delivered by the control (p < 0.001).