Figure 5.

Cumulative permeation of nicotinamide as a function of its exposure duration. Nicotinamide (4% in activator solution) was added to microcapsule gel (1 mg/cm² skin) or to control gel without microcapsules for 30, 60, or 90 min (n ≥ 6). The drug was then removed and the skins were left in the diffusion cell for up to 5 h. Error bars represent means ± SD. The amount of delivered nicotinamide was significantly greater in the skin treated with microcapsule gel than in the control (p < 0.001).