TABLE 2.
GENOTYPE DISTRIBUTIONS AND MINOR ALLELE FREQUENCIES OF CANDIDATE GENES IN UKRAINIAN ATHLETES AND CONTROLS
| Gene | Polymorphism | Genotype / allele | Endurance-oriented athletes | Power-oriented athletes | Controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE | Alu I/D | n = 84 | n = 108 | n = 283 | |
| II | 26.5 | 25.9 | 25.1 | ||
| ID | 48.2 | 45.4 | 53.0 | ||
| DD | 25.3 | 28.7 | 21.9 | ||
| MAF (D) | 0.494 | 0.514 | 0.484 | ||
|
| |||||
| PPARA | intron 7 G/C | n = 80 | n = 71 | n = 85 | |
| GG | 73.8 | 73.2 | 67.1 | ||
| GC | 26.0 | 23.9 | 30.6 | ||
| CC | 0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | ||
| MAF (C) | 0.130 | 0.140 | 0.180 | ||
|
| |||||
| PPARG | Pro12Ala | n = 100 | n = 87 | n = 318 | |
| Pro/Pro | 77.0 | 55.2 | 64.2 | ||
| Pro/Ala | 19.0 | 40.2 | 34.0 | ||
| Ala/Ala | 4.0 | 4.6 | 1.8 | ||
| MAF (Ala) | 0.135§ | 0.247 | 0.189 | ||
|
| |||||
| PPARGC1B | Ala203Pro | n = 73 | n = 59 | n = 81 | |
| Ala/Ala | 84.4 | 86.4 | 88.9 | ||
| Ala/Pro | 13.7 | 11.9 | 11.1 | ||
| Pro/Pro | 1.4 | 1.7 | 0 | ||
| MAF (Pro) | 0.082 | 0.07 | 0.05 | ||
|
| |||||
| HIF1A | Pro582Ser | n = 81 | n = 59 | n = 260 | |
| Pro/Pro | 86.4 | 69.5 | 82.3 | ||
| Pro/Ser | 13.6 | 28.8 | 16.5 | ||
| Ser/Ser | 0 | 1.7 | 1.2 | ||
| MAF (Ser) | 0.07 | 0.161* | 0.094 | ||
|
| |||||
| NOS3 | -786 T/C | n = 82 | n = 90 | n = 321 | |
| TT | 45.1 | 63.3 | 43.3 | ||
| TC | 46.3 | 30.0 | 45.8 | ||
| CC | 8.5 | 6.7 | 10.9 | ||
| MAF (C) | 0.317§ | 0.217* | 0.338 | ||
Note: MAF, minor allele frequency.
*
P<0.05, statistically significant differences between power-oriented athletes and controls.
§
P<0.05, statistically significant differences between endurance-oriented athletes and power-oriented athletes.