Table 1.

Transplant-specific causes of late kidney dysfunction

Physiologic Basis and Cause
Prerenal
Calcineurin inhibitor–induced vasoconstriction
Renal artery stenosis due to progressive atherosclerotic disease in anastomosed artery
Intrarenal
Immunologically mediated occurrences: cellular and antibody-mediated rejection
BK nephropathy
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
Recurrences of original diseases
Diabetic nephropathy, recurrent or de novo if due to new-onset diabetes after transplant
Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity
Pyelonephritis in the transplanted kidney
Postrenal
Obstruction from ureteral stricture due to BK or surgical technique or rejection