Figure 1.

Cardiac expression of selected genes in fish reared under normal and elevated temperature. Relative mRNA transcription levels of A)heat shock protein 70, HSP70; B)carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1; C)peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ coactivator 1α, PGC1α; D)α-hemoglobin; E) T cell antigen CD8 alpha in fish reared at normal (14°C, filled circles) and elevated (19°C, open circles) temperature for 21 and 56 days. Data are mean log₂ expression ratio ± SEM relative to the average of normalized controls (14°C, 21 days), real-time qPCR. Statistical differences (adjusted p-value < 0.05; pairwise t-tests of the four groups, N = 9) are indicated between temperatures (21 days: a*, 56 days: b*) and time points for 19°C fish (c*).