Table 1.

Percent Bias: two-arm trial for given sampling of and ; for W and correlation (0.8)

	Time Indep.			Time-dep.		Multi Time-dep.		Time Indep.			Time-dep.		Multi Time-dep.
Estimand	No Val.	Some Val.	High Val.	Some	High	Some	High	No	Some	High	Some	High	Some	High
	Full sampling and							1:5 and full
	0.50	1.10	0.90	0.20	0.00	0.20	0.70	0.40	1.10	0.80	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.60
	0.10	0.40	0.10	1.50	0.10	1.40	0.10	0.10	0.40	0.10	1.60	0.00	1.70	0.10
	0.50	1.10	0.90	0.40	0.30	0.40	0.40	0.50	1.10	0.80	0.20	0.00	0.80	0.60
	0.40	0.40	0.10	1.40	0.00	0.00	0.20	0.10	0.40	0.10	1.50	0.30	0.40	0.00
	No and full							full and 1:5
	0.70	1.20	0.70	0.20	0.40	0.50	0.70	0.70	1.20	0.70	0.20	0.40	0.50	0.70
	1.00	0.50	0.10	1.90	0.30	1.20	0.10	1.00	0.50	0.10	1.90	0.30	1.20	0.10
	0.60	1.10	0.70	0.30	0.50	0.40	0.30	0.60	1.10	0.70	0.30	0.50	0.40	0.30
	0.80	0.40	0.00	0.80	0.40	0.10	0.20	0.80	0.40	0.00	0.80	0.40	0.10	0.20
	1:5 and							no and 1:5
	0.70	1.10	0.70	0.10	0.30	0.50	0.70	0.50	1.10	0.60	0.00	0.10	0.30	0.60
	0.10	0.50	0.00	1.60	0.20	1.60	0.10	0.10	0.30	0.10	1.40	0.20	1.30	0.10
	0.60	1.10	0.70	0.30	0.50	0.40	0.30	0.60	1.10	0.60	0.40	0.50	0.30	0.30
	0.00	0.50	0.00	1.30	0.20	0.40	0.10	0.00	0.30	0.10	1.20	0.00	0.30	0.10

Average bias over the 1000 simulations less than 1 Monte Carlo standard error in all cases.