Histograms of fluorescence intensity of spots and difference intensity observed by TIRFM. (a) Histograms of maximum intensity in asolectin liposomes at pH 6 (n = 1850) fitted with three Gaussian functions shown in Eq. 1 (μ = 154, σ = 45, A1 = 186, A2 = 59, A3 = 6). (b–d) Histograms of the fluorescence decrease upon photobleaching of Alexa594 in Fhigh (b), Flow (c), and unidentified state because of photobleaching before the fluorescence alternation (d). They were fitted with the single Gaussian functions [n = 676, μ = −160, σ = 51, A = 99 for (b), n = 471, μ = −126, σ = 46, A = 78 for (c), and n = 703, μ = −145, σ = 38, A = 134 for (d)]. (e–g) Difference intensity histograms for photoactivated rhodopsin (n = 924) (e), denatured rhodopsin (n = 505) (f), and free Alexa594 molecules in solution (n = 129) (g). The difference intensity histogram in (e) was well fitted with two mirror-imaged pairs of Gaussian functions (Eq. 2: μ1 = ±0.304, σ1 = 0.111, A1 = 0.014, and μ2 = ±0.167, σ2 = 0.049, A2 = 0.037), whereas those in (f) and (g) were fitted with a single mirror-imaged pair of Gaussian functions [μ = ±0.344, σ = 0.112, A = 0.011 (f), and μ = ±0.377, σ = 0.127, A = 0.011 (g)].