Table 4.
Summary of the current knowledge about utilization of millipedes by mammals as anointing and/or food item.
| Mammals | Millipedes | Chemicals | Use | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marsupialia | ||||
| Opossum (Didelphis albiventris) |
Leptodesmus dentellus (Chelodesmidae) Gymnostreptus olivaceus (Spirostreptidae) |
Benzoquinones and Cyanogenics | Consumption and sniffing | [47] |
|
| ||||
| Carnivora | ||||
| White-nosed coatis (Nasua narica) | Orthoporus sp. (Spirostreptidae) | Benzoquinones | Consumption after prey-rolling treatment | [13] |
| Meerkat-mangoose (Suricata suricatta) | ? | ? | Consumption after treatment | [49, 51] |
| Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) | ? | ? | Consumption | [52] |
|
| ||||
| Primates | ||||
| Capuchin monkeys (Cebus sp.) | Orthoporus dorsovittatus (Spirostreptidae) | Benzoquinones | Self-anointing | [19] |
| Capuchin monkeys (C. olivaceus) | Orthoporus dorsovittatus (Spirostreptidae) | Benzoquinones | Self-anointing | [18] |
| Owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) | Anadenobolus monilicornis (Rhinocricidae) | Benzoquinones | Self-anointing | [55] |
| Black lemurs (Elemur macaco) | Charactopygus sp. (Spirostreptidae) | Benzoquinones ? | Self-anointing | [17] |
| Lemurs (Varecia rubra and Eulemur fulvus albifrons) | ? | ? | Self-anointing and consumption after handling and salivating | [50, 53, 72] |
| Humans, Bobo population |
Tymbodesmus falcatus and Sphenodesmus sheribongensis (Gomphodesmidae) unknown Spirostreptidae |
Benzoquinones and Cyanogenics | Consumption after boiling and drying | This study |