Table 1.
Baseline Sociodemographics and Clinical Variables by Study Groups
| Qigong n=16 |
Stretching n=13 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years Mdn (range) | 72 yrs (58 – 90) | 73 yrs (61 – 93) | 0.81 |
|
| |||
| Ethnicity n (%) | 0.45 | ||
| Non-Latino | 16 (100%) | 12 (92%) | |
| Latino | 0 (0%) | 1 (8%) | |
|
| |||
| Race n (%) | 0.19 | ||
| White | 16 (100%) | 11 (85%) | |
| Non-white | 0 (0%) | 2 (15%) | |
|
| |||
| Marital Status n (%) | 0.34 | ||
| Married/living as married | 12 (75%) | 12 (92%) | |
| Not Marrieda | 4 (25%) | 1 (8%) | |
|
| |||
| Education n (%) | 0.70 | ||
| High School, some vocational school or college | 5 (31%) | 3 (23%) | |
| College degree/Post-grad | 11 (69%) | 10 (77%) | |
|
| |||
| Religion n (%) | 0.68 | ||
| Latter Day Saints/Mormon | 9 (56%) | 5 (39%) | |
| Other religion | 5 (31%) | 6 (46%) | |
| Not religious | 2 (13%) | 2 (15%) | |
|
| |||
| Employment n (%) | 0.67 | ||
| Employed | 3 (19%) | 4 (31%) | |
| Not employed | 13 (81%) | 9 (69%) | |
|
| |||
| Incomeb n (%) | 1.00 | ||
| <$50,000 | 5 (31%) | 4 (36%) | |
| ≥$50,000 | 11 (69%) | 7 (64%) | |
|
| |||
| Cancer Stagec n (%) | 0.11 | ||
| Stage I – II | 8 (53%) | 2 (18%) | |
| Stage III – IV | 7 (47%) | 9 (82%) | |
|
| |||
| Years since diagnosis Mdn (range) | 5.50 yrs (2 – 22) | 4.00 yrs (0 – 26) | 0.83 |
|
| |||
| Current ADT Use n (%) | 0.27 | ||
| Yes | 6 (38%) | 8 (61%) | |
| No | 10 (62%) | 5 (39%) | |
|
| |||
| Cancer Treatmentd n (%) | |||
| Open radical prostatectomy | 5 (31%) | 6 (46%) | 0.46 |
| DaVinci prostatectomy | 1 (6%) | 1 (8%) | 1.00 |
| Surgery | 2 (12%) | 1 (8%) | 1.00 |
| External beam radiation | 4 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0.11 |
| Radiation | 2 (12%) | 3 (23%) | 0.63 |
| Brachytherapy | 5 (31%) | 0 (0%) | 0.05 |
| Chemotherapy | 0 (0%) | 2 (15%) | 0.19 |
|
| |||
| Chronic Diseases n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 5 (31%) | 4 (31%) | 1.00 |
| Arthritis | 6 (38%) | 6 (46%) | 0.72 |
| Hypertension | 9 (56%) | 10 (77%) | 0.43 |
| Depression | 5 (31%) | 4 (31%) | 1.00 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 3 (19%) | 3 (23%) | 1.00 |
| COPD | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
Note. Medians (Mdn) were reported for skewed data and Wilcoxen tests conducted. Categorical data were analyzed with Pearson Chi-square tests; data with cell n< 5 used Fisher’s Exact tests.
COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
a
Includes divorced, separated, never married, widowed.
b
Two participants declined to report income.
c
Cancer stage was not reported for three participants (Qigong n=1, Stretch n=2).
d
One participant reported watchful waiting and one reported immunotherapy.