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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2014 Jan 6;18(3):257–268. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2014.863876

Figure 2. CBX inhibits LPS-induced HMGB1 release by preventing PKR activation.

Figure 2

Prolonged stimulation with crude LPS may lead to panx-1 hemichannel-mediated ATP efflux, and up-regulation of PKR expression. Extracellular ATP then binds to P2X7R and activates the ATP-gated P2X7R and panx-1 channels, leading to PKR phosphorylation and subsequent inflammasome-dependent HMGB1 release. CBX may block LPS-induced ATP efflux through Panx-1, thereby impairing ATP/P2X7R-mediated PKR activation, and subsequent inflammasome-dependent HMGB1 release.