Table 4.

Multiple regression analysis of serum retinol with each parameter.

Explanatory Variable	Serum Retinol d
	β	p	Adjusted R2
All subjects a			0.125
HOMA-R	−0.278	0.001
Age < 40 b			0.266
Frequency of alcohol consumption	0.344	0.001
Insulin	−0.301	0.009
Age ≥ 40 c			0.134
HOMA-R	−0.262	0.021
Ferritin	−0.211	0.032

Notes: HOMA-R, homeostasis model assessment ratio; All variables are log-transformed; ^a Adjusted for age, waist circumference, frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking (nonsmoker, smoker), exercise, ferritin, dietary intakes of sodium, niacin, β-carotene, retinol, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, vitamin C; ^b Adjusted for waist circumference, smoking (nonsmoker, smoker), exercise, dietary intakes of sodium, niacin, β-carotene, retinol, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, vitamin C; ^c Adjusted for waist circumference, alcohol consumption, smoking (nonsmoker, smoker), exercise, dietary intakes of β-carotene, retinol, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, vitamin C; ^d Serum retinol was adjusted by triglycerides.