Table 3.
Factors associated with physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and living environment: gender-age-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.
| WHOQOL-BREF | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor physical health | Poor psychological health | Poor social relationships | Poor living environment | |
| Nationality | ||||
| French | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| European immigrant | 2.00 * 1.11–3.58 | 1.51 0.85–2.70 | 1.03 0.55–1.91 | 1.88 * 1.07–3.31 |
| Non-European immigrant | 3.41 ‡ 1.94–6.00 | 2.07 * 1.18–3.63 | 3.25 ‡ 1.88–5.64 | 3.79 ‡ 2.18–6.57 |
| Socioeconomic Factors | ||||
| Girls | 1.70 ‡ 1.33–2.16 | 1.98 ‡ 1.57–2.49 | 0.99 0.79–1.24 | 1.22 0.97–1.54 |
| Age (per year) | 1.28 ‡ 1.17–1.41 | 1.12 * 1.02–1.22 | 1.10 * 1.00–1.20 | 1.01 0.92–1.10 |
| Family structure | ||||
| Intact | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Parents divorced/separated and reconstructed family | 2.13 ‡ 1.62–2.79 | 2.05 ‡ 1.58–2.66 | 1.44 † 1.11–1.86 | 2.20 ‡ 1.70–2.86 |
| Single parent and other situations | 2.06 ‡ 1.44–2.93 | 2.38 ‡ 1.70–3.33 | 1.55 † 1.11–2.18 | 2.16 ‡ 1.53–3.04 |
| Low parents’ education (<university) | 1.83 ‡ 1.44–2.34 | 1.47 ‡ 1.17–1.85 | 1.33 † 1.06–1.67 | 2.82 ‡ 2.21–3.59 |
| Father’s occupation | ||||
| Manager, professional, and intermediate professional | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Craftsman, tradesman, and head of firm | 1.27 0.90–1.78 | 1.04 0.75–1.44 | 1.04 0.76–1.43 | 1.25 0.88–1.78 |
| Service worker and clerk | 0.98 0.61–1.57 | 1.20 0.79–1.84 | 0.98 0.64–1.51 | 1.48 0.95–2.33 |
| Manual worker and other occupations | 1.69 ‡ 1.25–2.29 | 1.43 * 1.07–1.91 | 1.10 0.82–1.48 | 3.27 ‡ 2.43–4.42 |
| Non-working | 1.97 † 1.26–3.07 | 2.46 ‡ 1.62–3.74 | 2.31 ‡ 1.53–3.49 | 3.87 ‡ 2.52–5.94 |
| Insufficient family income | 2.53 ‡ 1.91–3.36 | 2.94 ‡ 2.24–3.87 | 2.31 ‡ 1.76–3.04 | 4.64 ‡ 3.53–6.12 |
| Unhealthy Behaviors and Violence | ||||
| Substance use | ||||
| Tobacco | 3.18 ‡ 2.27–4.44 | 3.46 ‡ 2.48–4.84 | 1.68 † 1.20–2.36 | 2.54 ‡ 1.82–3.54 |
| Alcohol | 1.34 * 1.04–1.73 | 1.84 ‡ 1.44–2.34 | 1.02 0.80–1.30 | 1.40 † 1.10–1.79 |
| Cannabis | 1.66 * 1.04–2.66 | 1.90 † 1.20–3.01 | 1.16 0.72–1.87 | 1.57 0.98–2.51 |
| Hard drugs | 2.84 ‡ 1.51–5.32 | 4.59 ‡ 2.43–8.68 | 1.93 * 1.04–3.60 | 3.33 ‡ 1.80–6.15 |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Underweight | 0.67 0.19–2.31 | 1.33 0.50–3.53 | 1.02 0.37–2.83 | 1.12 0.40–3.09 |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 1.47 † 1.12–1.93 | 1.46 † 1.13–1.90 | 1.29 0.99–1.67 | 1.39 * 1.06–1.81 |
| Obese | 1.80 † 1.24–2.61 | 2.32 ‡ 1.64–3.29 | 1.74 † 1.23–2.46 | 2.03 ‡ 1.43–2.87 |
| Missing value | 1.39 0.52–3.71 | 2.84 * 1.17–6.90 | 2.35 0.97–5.65 | 2.17 0.89–5.33 |
| Involvement in violence | 2.27 ‡ 1.73–2.97 | 2.45 ‡ 1.89–3.17 | 1.45 † 1.14–1.85 | 2.51 † 1.93–3.27 |
| Having sustained violence | 1.67 ‡ 1.31–2.14 | 1.75 ‡ 1.38–2.21 | 1.82 ‡ 1.44–2.29 | 1.88 ‡ 1.48–2.38 |
| Being victim of sexual abuse | 6.60 ‡ 3.71–11.8 | 7.11 ‡ 3.91–12.9 | 3.91 ‡ 2.27–6.71 | 5.47 ‡ 3.15–9.53 |
Notes: * p < 0.05; † p < 0.01; ‡ p < 0.001.