Table 2.
Variables | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
HR | 95%CI | p value | HR | 95%CI | p value | |
Gender (male) | 0.530 | 0.732–1.171 | 0.530 | - | - | - |
Height | 0.989 | 0.976–1.011 | 0.120 | 1.006 | 0.989–1.023 | 0.491 |
Depression (normal) | 0.977 | 0.756–1.262 | 0.150 | 1.102 | 0.800–1.518 | 0.546 |
Smoking (no-smoke) | 0.908 | 0.966–1.887 | 0.861 | - | - | - |
Drink (no-drink) | 1.270 | 0.942–1.723 | 0.122 | 1.215 | 0.876–1.686 | 0.238 |
Sad-event (experienced) | 0.887 | 0.693–1.141 | 0.341 | - | - | - |
Exercise (always) | 0.996 | 0.783–1.274 | 0.983 | - | - | - |
BADL (can take care) | 0.915 | 0.465–1.798 | 0.824 | - | - | - |
IADL (can take care) | 1.540 | 1.231–1.990 | <0.001 | 1.172 | 0.860–1.596 | 0.320 |
Marital status ( have a spouse) | 1.370 | 1.073–1.754 | 0.011 | 0.998 | 0.730–1.336 | 0.939 |
Assessment of health (normal) | 1.340 | 1.011–1.790 | 0.043 | 1.141 | 0.831–1.568 | 0.410 |
Blood lipid (normal) | 0.932 | 0.707–1.232 | 0.621 | - | - | - |
Diabetes (normal) | 1.290 | 0.954–1.741 | 0.100 | 1.332 | 0.972–1.823 | 0.074 |
Age-group (55–65) | ||||||
66–75 | 1.122 | 0.883–1.431 | 0.341 | 1.511 | 1.111–2.055 | 0.008 |
≥76 | 1.692 | 1.321–2.164 | <0.001 | 1.847 | 1.256–2.717 | 0.002 |
Blood-pressure (normal) | ||||||
Sbp > 120 or dbp > 80 | 0.577 | 0.374–0.889 | 0.013 | 0.799 | 0.488–1.308 | 0.370 |
Sbp ≥ 140 or dbp ≥ 90 | 1.620 | 1.260–2.133 | <0.001 | 1.407 | 1.031–1.920 | 0.032 |
Education level (graduate) | ||||||
high school diploma | 1.150 | 0.675–1.960 | 0.610 | 1.519 | 0.715–3.228 | 0.280 |
Junior diploma | 0.748 | 0.468–1.191 | 0.220 | 1.102 | 0.535–2.267 | 0.769 |
primary school | 0.745 | 0.564–0.984 | 0.038 | 1.129 | 0.603–2.113 | 0.701 |
Illiterate | 1.450 | 1.141–1.840 | <0.001 | 1.525 | 0.815–2.853 | 0.189 |
Body-mass-index (normal) | ||||||
thin | 1.180 | 0.888–1.580 | 0.250 | 1.074 | 0.783–1.471 | 0.660 |
overweight | 0.630 | 0.421–0.942 | 0.025 | 0.673 | 0.439–1.031 | 0.069 |
obesity | 0.969 | 0.678–1.390 | 0.870 | 0.965 | 0.652–1.428 | 0.861 |
Area (rural) | ||||||
suburban | 0.728 | 0.544–0.974 | 0.033 | 0.614 | 0.410–0.921 | 0.018 |
urban | 1.080 | 0.851–1.379 | 0.520 | 1.080 | 0.707–1.651 | 0.720 |
Diet (intermediate-type diets) | ||||||
sufficient nutrients | 0.852 | 0.662–1.104 | 0.210 | 0.954 | 0.694–1.312 | 0.768 |
meat based diets | 1.460 | 1.093–1.949 | 0.012 | 1.559 | 1.079–2.254 | 0.018 |