Table 1.
Demographic and other background characteristics
| Domain/Measure | E-TES | C | Total | χ 2 (t test) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 249) | (n = 245) | (n = 494) | ||
| %/M (SD) | %/M (SD) | %/M (SD) | p | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 36.7 (9.4) | 36.5 (9.8) | 36.6 (9.6) | 0.799 |
| Gender – male | 69.5 | 69.8 | 69.6 | 0.939 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.009** | |||
| Black/African American | 21.8 | 21.2 | 21.5 | |
| White | 44.9 | 53.3 | 49.1 | |
| Hispanic | 13.2 | 12.5 | 12.8 | |
| High school diploma/GED | 77.5 | 82.0 | 79.7 | 0.219 |
| L6 employment | 67.9 | 70.2 | 69.0 | 0.575 |
| Never married | 46.0 | 45.7 | 45.8 | 0.407 |
| Children | 76.2 | 72.2 | 74.2 | 0.314 |
| Motivation for treatment | 39.0 (10.2) | 40.5 (9.4) | 39.7 (9.8) | 0.091 |
| Mental health | ||||
| LT mental health treatment | 37.6 | 34.0 | 35.8 | 0.415 |
| LT any mental health symptom | 59.4 | 57.8 | 58.6 | 0.710 |
| Depression | 45.0 | 40.6 | 42.8 | 0.323 |
| Anxiety | 47.0 | 44.7 | 45.8 | 0.606 |
| Hallucinations | 13.7 | 14.8 | 14.2 | 0.727 |
| LT prescribed medication | 29.3 | 30.7 | 30.0 | 0.731 |
| Criminality | ||||
| Age first arrest | 17.4 (6.9) | 17.2 (6.1) | 17.3 (6.5) | 0.772 |
| LT number of arrests | 18.2 (18.7) | 18.3 (21.5) | 18.2 (20.1) | 0.994 |
| LT arrest –substance-related offense | 71.1 | 72.2 | 71.7 | 0.775 |
| LT arrest –property offense | 76.3 | 74.7 | 75.5 | 0.677 |
| LT arrest –violent offense | 59.8 | 58.0 | 58.9 | 0.671 |
| Substance use | ||||
| Age first alcohol/drug use | 14.1 (5.6) | 13.8 (4.7) | 14.0 (5.2) | 0.509 |
| LT crack/cocaine | 70.3 | 71.0 | 70.6 | 0.857 |
| LT opiates | 35.7 | 44.1 | 39.9 | 0.058 |
| LT meth/amphetamines | 54.2 | 59.6 | 56.9 | 0.228 |
| L6 drug use | 77.0 | 81.6 | 79.3 | 0.214 |
| L6 substance most problematic | 0.009** | |||
| Alcohol | 38.7 | 25.2 | 32.0 | |
| Cannabis | 12.6 | 12.8 | 12.7 | |
| Crack/cocaine | 18.5 | 17.1 | 17.8 | |
| Opiates | 4.6 | 11.1 | 7.8 | |
| Meth/amphetamines | 17.2 | 23.9 | 20.6 | |
| Prior substance-abuse treatment | 59.5 | 60.3 | 59.9 | 0.854 |
| HIV risk | ||||
| LT injection drug use | 22.3 | 28.0 | 25.1 | 0.145 |
| L6 injection drug use | 14.5 | 20.9 | 17.6 | 0.061 |
| L6 num sex partners | 4.1 (7.8) | 3.7 (7.7) | 3.9 (7.8) | 0.567 |
| L3 unprotected sex riska | 63.2 | 68.7 | 65.9 | 0.194 |
LT Lifetime; L6 last 6 months prior to involvement with the criminal justice system; L3 last 3 months prior to involvement with the criminal justice system
aIncludes unprotected sex while high/partner high, when exchanging sex for money/drugs, with an intravenous drug user, with someone HIV+, with partner who refused to use condom, when afraid to ask for condom use
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001