Table 3.
Summary of results from the linear mixed model in Experiment 2 comparing listener ratings of emotional genuineness with acoustic measures of the voice.
| Perceptual parameter | Fixed effects |
Random effects |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous |
Categorical |
Intercepts |
||||||
| F0 (floor) | Jitter | HNR | Emotion | Intensity | E × I | Listener | Listener × Vocalist | |
| Genuineness | F(1,151.44) = 7.56, | F(4,574.23) = 4.19, | F(1,1498.97) = 25.25, | F(4,778.63) = 7.38, | F(1,1610.45) = 0.75, | F(4,700.78) = 6.69, | var(u0j) = 0.170, | var(u0j) = 0.080, |
| p = 0.006 | p = 0.041 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p = 0.39 | p<0.001 | χ2(1) = 203.27, p<0.01 | χ2(1) = 31.47, p<0.01 | |
The significance of the fixed effects was assessed with Type III SS F-tests on the final multivariate model. Changes in model fit for fixed effects were assessed with ML estimation. Variance estimates for random effects are reported using REML estimation (Twisk, 2006). Statistically significant p-values are highlighted with bold typeface. Fixed effects that did not significantly improve the model fit and were not included in the previous model (Table 2), were not included in the final model.