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. 2014 Feb 24;3:3. doi: 10.1186/2001-1326-3-3

Table 1.

Potential salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection, reported as of 2013

Category Potential OSCC salivary biomarkers Authors/year
Non-organic compound
Na, Ca, F, and Mg
Shpitzer et al./2007 [55]
Peptide
Defensin-1
Mizukawa et al./1998 [28]
Proteins
P53 autoantibody
Warnakulasuriya et al./2000 [19]
α-amylase
Chen et al./2002 [20]
IL-8
St. John et al./2004 [23]
Rhodus et al./2005 [24]
Arellano-Garcia et al./2008 [70]
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
TNF-α
Rhodus et al./2005 [24]
IL-1
IL-6
Rhodus et al./2005 [24]
Katakura et al./2007 [34]
Saheb-Jamee et al./2008 [35]
Sato et al./2010 [36]
Cheng et al./2013 [38]
Basic fibroblast growth factor
Vucicevic et al./2005 [27]
Gorugantula et al./2012 [39]
Statherin
Contucci et al./2005 [62]
Cyfra 21.1
Nagler et al./2006 [25]
Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA)
Cancer antigen 125 (CA125)
Nagler et al./2006 [25]
Balan et al./2012 [57]
Endothelin-1
Pickering et al./2007 [21]
Cheng et al./2011 [40]
IL-1β
Katakura et al./2007 [34]
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
CD44
Franzmann et al./2007 [46]
Total salivary protein
Shpitzer et al./2007 [55]
Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
MMP-2
MMP-9
Shpitzer et al./2007, 2009 [49,55]
CD59
Hu et al./2008 [29]
Catalase
Profilin
S100A9/MRP14
M2BP
Hu et al./2008 [29]
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
He et al./2009 [54]
Carcinoma associated antigen CA-50
Salivary carbonyls
Shipitzer et al./2009 [49]
Cyclin D1
Maspin
8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1)
Phosphorylated-Src
Ki-67
Lactate dehydrogenase
Shipitzer et al./2009 [49]
Shetty et al./2012 [58]
Transferrin
Jou et al./2010 [45]
Zinc finger protein 501 peptide
Jou et al./2011 [60]
Hemopexin
Jessie et al./2013 [59]
Haptoglobin
Complement C3
Transthyretin
α1-antitrypsin
DNAs
P53 gene codon 63
Liao et al./2000 [18]
Loss of heterozygosity in the combination of markers D3S1234, D9S156, and D17S799
El-Naggar et al./2001 [51]
Mitochondrial DNAs (cytochrome c oxidase I and cytochrome c oxidase II)
Jiang et al./2005 [37]
Hypermethylation of promoters in tumor suppressor genes: DAPK, DCC, MINT-31, TIMP-31, TIMP-3, p16, MGMT, CCNA1
Carvalho et al./2011 [61]
mRNAs
IL-8
Li et al./2004 [22]
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
IL-1β
Li et al./2004 [22]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
DUSP1 (dual specificity phosphatase 1)
Li et al./2004 [22]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
Cheng et al./2013 [41]
H3F3A (H3 histone family 3A)
Li et al./2004 [22]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
OAZ1 (ornithin decarboxylase antizyme 1)
Li et al./2004 [22]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
Cheng et al./2013 [41]
S100P (S100 calcium binding protein P)
Li et al./2004 [22]
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
Cheng et al./2013 [41]
SAT (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase EST)
Li et al./2004 [22]
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43]
Elashoff et al./2012 [44]
MicroRNAs
miR-125a
Park et al./2009 [31]
miR-200a
miR-31
Liu et al./2012 [33]
Long non-coding RNAs
HOTAIR
Tang et al./2013 [56]
Oxidative stress-related molecules
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrites (NO2) and nitrates (NO3)
Bahar et al./2007 [26]
Peroxidase
Bahar et al./2007 [26]
Glutathione S-transferase (GST)
Bahar et al./2007 [26]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
Agha-Hosseini et al./2012 [52]
8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)
Glutathione
Almadori et al./2007 [30]
Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Agha-Hosseini et al./2012 [52]
Glucocorticoid
Cortisol
Bernabé et al./2012 [53]
Metabolomics
Cadaverine, alpha-aminobutyric acid, alanine, C5H14N5, piperidine, taurine piperideine, pipercolic acid, C4H9N, C8H9N, pyrroline hydroxycarboxylic acid, betaine, C6H6N2O2, leucine+isoleucine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, beta-alanine, glutamic acid, threonine, serine, glutamine, choline, carnitine, C4H5N2O11P
Sugimoto et al./2010 [47]
Phenylalanine
Wei et al./2011 [48]
Sugimoto et al./2010 [47]
Valine
Wei et al./2011 [48]
Sugimoto et al./2010 [47]
Lactic acid
Wei et al./2011 [48]
Glycosylation- related molecules
Sialic acid
Vajaria et al./2013 [32]
α-L-fucosidase
Other Telomerase activity Zhong et al./2005 [50]