Table 2. Clinical and biochemical markers for the studied groups.
| Clinical characteristics | DWR (n=284) | DR (n=216) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age of diabetic onset (years) |
52.7±7.61 |
50.67±9.41 |
0.008 |
| Sex (Male/Female) |
111/173 |
103/113 |
0.054 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) |
14.79±4.97 |
13.44±7.22 |
0.013 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
25.26±3.95 |
25.8±4.13 |
0.14 |
| WHR |
0.92±0.06 |
0.93±0.06 |
0.5 |
| High albuminuria(-/+) |
240/38 |
143/68 |
<0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
136.7±16.65 |
138.5±17.18 |
0.22 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
77.65±9.36 |
79.23±9.69 |
0.066 |
| Insulin therapy (yes/no) |
92/191 |
118/97 |
<0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) |
6.97±1.40 |
7.84±1.70 |
<0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/l) |
8.09±2.43 |
9.22±3.21 |
<0.001 |
| Creatinine (µmol/l) |
67.43±17.69 |
73.66±49.84 |
0.027 |
| Uric acid (µmol/l) |
281.9±82.42 |
281.1±76.58 |
0.98 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) |
5.05±0.98 |
5.18±1.17 |
0.19 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) |
1.55±0.93 |
1.73±1.52 |
0.11 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) |
1.25±0.30 |
1.23±0.30 |
0.38 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.07±0.83 | 3.08±0.90 | 0.83 |
The data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or number of subjects. Differences between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic without retinopathy (DWR) groups were compared using t test or Chi-square test. BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist and hip ratio; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.