Table 3.
Changes in cardiovascular risk and glucose metabolism biomarkers (secondary analyses). Values are means (95% confidence intervals) unless stated otherwise
| Measures | Baseline | 3 months | 12 months | Between group differences, P value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Mean (SD) | No | Mean (SD) | No | Mean (SD) | 3 months* | 12 months* | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg): | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 163 | 143 (17.3) | 153 | 139 (17.7) | 148 | 138 (17.8) | 1.3 (–1.6 to 4.2), 0.365 | 3.8 (0.9 to 6.7), 0.011 | |||
| Control | 166 | 142 (18.2) | 160 | 139 (16.7) | 155 | 142 (17.5) | |||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg): | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 163 | 84 (9.6) | 153 | 82 (9.9) | 148 | 81 (9.7) | 1.8 (0.2 to 3.3), 0.027 | 1.8 (0.2 to 3.3), 0.031 | |||
| Control | 166 | 84 (10.3) | 160 | 83 (9.4) | 155 | 83 (9.6) | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L): | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 144 | 5.17 (1.23) | 126 | 4.94 (1.21) | 125 | 4.83 (1.06) | 0.04 (–0.13 to 0.21), 0.624 | 0.10 (–0.07 to 0.27), 0.234 | |||
| Control | 150 | 5.12 (1.22) | 135 | 4.90 (1.14) | 131 | 4.92 (1.17) | |||||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L): | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 144 | 1.36 (0.36) | 126 | 1.32 (0.33) | 125 | 1.37 (0.34) | 0.01 (–0.05 to 0.06), 0.808 | –0.02 (–0.07 to 0.03), 0.466 | |||
| Control | 150 | 1.36 (0.39) | 135 | 1.37 (0.43) | 131 | 1.37 (0.39) | |||||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L): | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 141 | 3.05 (1.07) | 122 | 2.86 (1.04) | 124 | 2.76 (0.92) | 0.06 (–0.09 to 0.21), 0.459 | 0.11 (–0.04 to 0.26), 0.160 | |||
| Control | 147 | 2.97 (1.07) | 133 | 2.81 (1.03) | 129 | 2.80 (1.04) | |||||
| Triglycerides (mmol/L): | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 144 | 1.70 (1.13) | 126 | 1.69 (1.20) | 125 | 1.51 (0.87) | –0.05 (–0.21 to 0.11), 0.568 | 0.04 (–0.12 to 0.20), 0.591 | |||
| Control | 150 | 1.78 (1.11) | 135 | 1.65 (1.00) | 131 | 1.66 (1.02) | |||||
| Glucose (mmol/L): | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 142 | 6.11 (2.02) | 127 | 5.74 (1.57) | 125 | 5.68 (1.38) | 0.29 (0.03 to 0.56), 0.031 | 0.27 (0·01 to 0.54), 0.045 | |||
| Control | 149 | 6.12 (1.93) | 134 | 6.11 (2.06) | 132 | 6.08 (1.67) | |||||
| Insulin (mmol/L): | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 104 | 11.12 (8.27) | 88 | 11.41 (12.50) | 74 | 12.77 (11.05) | –0.36 (–2.93 to 2.21), 0.784 | –0.32 (–3.02 to 2.39), 0.818 | |||
| Control | 110 | 10.17 (8.82) | 90 | 10.60 (9.67) | 79 | 13.48 (10.21) | |||||
| Homeostasis model assessment: | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 103 | 3.25 (3.10) | 88 | 3.42 (5.57) | 74 | 3.29 (3.16) | –0.32 (–1.31 to 0.67), 0.521 | 0.43 (–0.62 to 1.48), 0.422 | |||
| Control | 109 | 2.81 (2.79) | 90 | 2.91 (3.14) | 79 | 3.72 (3.18) | |||||
| Glycated haemoglobin (%): | |||||||||||
| Intervention | 149 | 6.02 (1.17) | 126 | 5.98 (1.18) | 123 | 5.82 (0.75) | 0.05 (–0.08 to 0.18), 0.469 | 0.13 (–0.004 to 0.26), 0.058 | |||
| Control | 151 | 6.03 (1.07) | 135 | 6.08 (1.21) | 130 | 6.03 (0.96) | |||||
HDL=high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL=low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*Adjusted for baseline value and site.