Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of patient demographics, aortic dimensions, and hemodynamic parameters at the three analysis planes S1 (sinotubular junction), S2 (MAA), and S3 (distal ascending aorta). MAA: mid ascending aortic, SOV: sinus of valsalva. All continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (median, interquartile range).
| Tricuspid valve | Bicuspid valve | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| healthy volunteers |
aorta size controls |
RL-BAV | RN-BAV | |
| n (female) | 15 (5) | 30 (5) | 15 (3) | 15 (4) |
| Age | 32.6 ± 7.6 (31.0, 7.5) |
59.2 ± 12.5 (58.5, 16.2) |
47.5 ± 11.5*
(45.3, 17.5) |
44.7 ± 8.0*
(45.0, 10.1) |
| MAA Diameter [mm] | 24.9 ± 3.0 (25.0, 4.9) |
41.0 ± 4.4 (42.0, 5.8) |
39.9 ± 4.4 (40.0, 3.5) |
39.6 ± 7.2 (38.0, 1.0) |
| SOV Diameter [mm] | - | 42.3 ± 4.6 (42.0, 5.0) | 40.5 ± 2.7 (40.0, 3.5) | 43.9 ± 4.9 (43.0, 3.0) |
|
| ||||
| Aortopathy Type 0 | 15 (100%) | - | - | - |
| Type 1 | 0 | 9 (30%) | 1 (7%) | 8 (53%) |
| Type 2 | 0 | 13 (43%) | 13 (87%) | 2 (13%) |
| Type 3 | 0 | 8 (27%) | 1 (7%) | 5 (34%) |
|
| ||||
| systolic WSS [N/m2] S1 | 0.60 ± 0.15*
(0.61, 0.15) |
0.41 ± 0.16 (0.38, 0.24) | 0.55 ± 0.16*
(0.50, 0.18) |
0.58 ± 0.18*
(0.58, 0.30) |
| S2 | 0.56 ± 0.14*
(0.63, 0.22) |
0.30 ± 0.14 (0.28, 0.18) |
0.56 ± 0.18*
(0.53, 0.19) |
0.61 ± 0.21*
(0.57, 0.30) |
| S3 | 0.55 ± 0.16 #
(0.52, 0.23) |
0.32 ± 0.16 (0.31, 0.22) |
0.56 ± 0.19 #
(0.59, 0.25) |
0.62 ± 0.21 #
(0.56, 0.36) |
|
| ||||
| Valve flow angle [°] S1 | 6.3 ± 3.5 #
(4.5, 5.5) |
18.0 ± 10.8 (16.1, 12.7) |
19.4 ± 8.6 (19.9, 6.4) |
23.2 ± 9.6 (21.0, 15.3) |
| S2 | 8.4 ± 4.8 #
(7.4, 6.5) |
19.6 ± 12.4 (17.9, 16.6) |
25.3 ± 7.7 (24.9, 10.2) |
21.9 ± 11.1 (22.1, 15.3) |
| S3 | 13.1 ± 8.1 (12.7, 12.2) |
11.0 ± 7.0 (9.1, 9.2) |
15.1 ± 7.1 (15.1, 6.2) |
16.8 ± 8.7 (16.5, 12.5) |
|
| ||||
| flow displacement d S1 | 1.8 ± 1.5 #
(1.4, 0.7) |
3.9 ± 2.3 (3.2, 4.0) |
7.6 ± 2.6 #
(7.6, 3.1) |
6.7 ± 2.6 #
(6.6, 3.8) |
| [mm] S2 | 1.2 ± 0.5*
(1.2, 0.7) |
4.3 ± 2.7 (3.9, 4.0) |
5.7 ± 2.6 (5.3, 3.8) |
6.1 ± 2.8 (6.5, 3.1) |
| S3 | 1.3 ± 0.5 #
(1.3, 0.7) |
2.5 ± 2.4 (1.6, 0.6) |
2.8 ± 2.0 (1.6, 3.0) |
4.2 ± 2.4#
(4.4, 3.5) |
*, # denotes significant differences compared with aorta size matched controls (p<0.0125 after Bonferroni correction);
*
= independent-sample t-test,
#
= Mann-Whitney test