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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: Nanomedicine. 2013 Aug 27;10(2):451–461. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.07.019

Figure 5.

Figure 5

PDN/Light treatment results in oxidation of plasma membrane lipids and localized membrane damage. (A) Confocal microscopy images displaying free porphyrin (left – magenta), oxidized membrane lipids detected with Bodipy (center – green), and non-oxidized membrane lipids detected with Bodipy (right-red). The top panels are from bladder cancer cells treated with PDN/light while the bottom panels are from light-only cells. (B) Representative fluorescence spectrum of dye c11 bodipy in presence of PDN + light (red); PDN (green); light only (blue) and control (black) with excitation 480 nm in pH 7.4 in 75% ACN + 25% aqueous solution mixture. (C) TEM images of bladder cancer cells treated with PDN/light (top-left), PDN-only (top-right), light-only (bottom-left), and no-treatment (bottom-right).