Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants in taking healthy steps
| Intervention group (n = 155) | Control group (n = 84) | Total (n = 239) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Demographics | ||||
| Age in years (mean [s.d.]) |
66.9 (8.7) |
66.4 (9.2) |
66.7 (8.8) |
0.71 |
| Male gender (n [%]) |
147 (94.8) |
77 (91.7) |
224 (93.7) |
0.33 |
| Race/Ethnicity (n [%]) |
|
|
|
0.88 |
| Black |
7 (4.5) |
3 (3.6) |
10 (4.2) |
|
| White |
143 (92.3) |
79 (94.0) |
222 (92.9) |
|
| Other/combined |
5 (3.3) |
2 (2.4) |
7 (2.9) |
|
| Hispanic |
5 (3.3) |
1 (1.2) |
6 (2.5) |
0.34 |
|
Socioeconomics | ||||
| Community setting (n [%]) |
|
|
|
0.79 |
| Urban |
84 (54.2) |
47 (56.0) |
131 (54.8) |
|
| Rural |
71 (45.8) |
37 (44.1) |
108 (45.2) |
|
| Employment (n [%]) |
|
|
|
0.79 |
| Retired |
94 (60.7) |
45 (53.6) |
139 (58.2) |
|
| Full-Time |
14 (9.0) |
7 (8.3) |
21 (8.8) |
|
| Part-Time |
10 (6.5) |
6 (7.1) |
16 (6.7) |
|
| Ill, disabled or unemployed |
35 (22.6) |
24 (28.5) |
59 (28.6) |
|
| Other |
2 (1.3) |
2 (2.4) |
4 (1.7) |
|
| Education (n [%]) |
|
|
|
0.29 |
| Below high school |
4 (2.6) |
2 (2.4) |
6 (2.5) |
|
| High school or GED |
34 (22.2) |
11 (13.3) |
45 (19.1) |
|
| Vocational/Technical |
25 (16.3) |
11 (13.3) |
36 (15.3) |
|
| Some college |
52 (34.0) |
29 (34.9) |
81 (34.3) |
|
| College graduate |
38 (24.8) |
30 (36.1) |
68 (28.8) |
|
| Annual income (n [%]) |
|
|
|
0.34 |
| Below $30 k |
66 (42.6) |
35 (41.7) |
101 (42.3) |
|
| $30 to < $40 k |
23 (14.8) |
14 (16.7) |
37 (15.5) |
|
| $40 to < $50 k |
21 (13.6) |
5 (6.0) |
26 (10.9) |
|
| > $50 k |
24 (15.5) |
19 (22.6) |
43 (18.0) |
|
| No answer |
21 (13.6) |
11 (13.1) |
32 (13.4) |
|
|
Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Ever-smokers (n [%]) |
146 (94.2) |
77 (91.7) |
223 (93.3) |
0.48 |
| Current smokers (n [%]) |
42 (27.1) |
18 (21.4) |
60 (25.1) |
0.34 |
| Oxygen use (n [%]) |
35 (22.6) |
21 (25.0) |
56 (23.4) |
0.67 |
| General health (n [%]) |
|
|
|
0.49 |
| Excellent, very good |
9 (5.8) |
9 (10.7) |
18 (7.5) |
|
| Good |
49 (31.6) |
26 (31.0) |
75 (31.4) |
|
| Fair or poor |
96 (61.9) |
49 (58.3) |
145 (60.7) |
|
| No answer |
1 (0.7) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (0.4) |
|
| SGRQ score (mean [s.d.]) |
|
|
|
|
| Total score |
45.5 (15.4) |
46.8 (15.6) |
46.0 (15.4) |
0.54 |
| Symptoms score |
56.9 (19.4) |
56.0 (19.9) |
56.6 (19.5) |
0.72 |
| Activity score |
62.1 (20.3) |
64.2 (18.0) |
62.8 (19.5) |
0.44 |
| Impact score |
32.2 (16.4) |
34.1 (17.9) |
32.9 (16.9) |
0.41 |
| Dyspnea (MMRC score) (mean [s.d.]) |
|
|
|
0.69 |
| 0-1 |
109 (70.3) |
57 (67.9) |
166 (69.5) |
|
| 2-4 |
46 (29.7) |
27 (32.1) |
73 (30.5) |
|
| Comorbidities (mean [s.d.]) |
4.8 (2.6) |
4.9 (2.6) |
4.9 (2.6) |
0.82 |
| Baseline step counts |
|
|
|
|
| Step counts (mean [s.d.]) | 3484 (2309) | 3521 (2058) | 3497 (2220) | 0.90 |