Table 4.

Association (HR (95%CI)) between anxiety disorder, MDD and incident heart failure in a cohort of 236,079 Veterans Administration patients

	Model 1 Age Adjusted	Model 2 Sociodemographics	Model 3 CVD Risk Factors	Model 4 Substance Abuse	Model 5 Psychotropics
Anxiety only	1.19 (1.10–1.28)	1.15 (1.07–1.24)	1.15 (1.07–1.24)	1.10 (1.02–1.19)	1.46 (1.35–1.58)
MDD only	1.21 (1.13–1.28)	1.17 (1.10–1.24)	1.16 (1.09–1.23)	1.11 (1.04–1.18)	1.56 (1.45–1.67)
Anxiety and MDD	1.24 (1.17–1.32)	1.19 (1.12–1.27)	1.17 (1.10–1.25)	1.08 (1.02–1.15)	1.74 (1.61–1.88)
Neither anxiety or MDD	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Gender (Female)		0.55 (0.49–0.62)	0.59 (0.52–0.66)	0.62 (0.55–0.70)	.64 (.57–.72)
Race:		1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
White		1.27 (1.22–1.34)	1.13 (1.08–1.19)	1.13 (1.08–1.19)	1.10 (1.05–1.15)
Non-white		0.30 (0.23–0.39)	0.34 (0.26–0.44)	0.36 (0.27–0.46)	.33 (.25–.43)
Unknown
Marital status:		1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Married		1.32 (1.27–1.37)	1.32 (1.27–1.38)	1.26 (1.22–1.32)	1.25 (1.20–1.30)
Unmarried1		0.59 (0.49–0.70)	0.75 (0.63–0.89)	0.77 (0.64–0.92)	.74 (.62–.88)
Unknown
VA Insurance		1.10 (1.05–1.14)	1.13 (1.08–1.18)	1.11 (1.07–1.16)	1.11 (1.10–1.15)
Type 2 diabetes			1.86 (1.79–1.94)	1.88 (1.81–1.96)	1.90 (1.82–1.97)
Hypertension			1.68 (1.60–1.77)	1.65 (1.57–1.74)	1.68 (1.59–1.76)
Hyperlipidemia			0.76 (0.73–0.79)	0.76 (0.73–0.79)	.76 (.73–.80)
Obesity			1.52 (1.46–1.59)	1.56 (1.50–1.63)	1.57 (1.51–1.64)
Nicotine dependence/ personal history tobacco use				1.48 (1.42–1.55)	1.53 (1.47–1.60)
Substance use disorders2				1.18 (1.12–1.25)	1.24 (1.17–1.31)
Psychotropics
Any SSRI					.77 (.89–.95)
Any TCA					.94 (.89–1.00)
Any SNRI					.64 (.59–.69)
Any Other antidepressant					.80 (.75–.84)
Any benzo					.86 (.82–.91)

¹divorced, widowed, separated or never married,

²Alcohol and or illicit drug abuse/dependence

^*Cox proportional hazards models