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. 2014 Mar 7;9(3):e91090. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091090

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© 2014 Scharnowski et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(a) Custom-made software was used to continuously provide visual feedback of local brain activation to the participant in the scanner. The neurofeedback display consisted of a thermometer, and the temperature reading indicated the current level of activity in the visual cortex ROI. A dashed line indicated the target activation level, which could either be high (up-regulation condition) or low (baseline condition). (b) In each neurofeedback training session, volunteers participated in an average of ∼2 feedback runs of 8.3 min each. A feedback run was composed of 38 s baseline blocks (grey) interleaved with 38 s up-regulation blocks (red).