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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Radiol. 2013 Sep 21;44(2):173–180. doi: 10.1007/s00247-013-2795-x

Table 1.

Reported exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents and outcome for 23 children with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis [37]

Case
number
Age(yrs)/gender/
race
Renal disease/
dialysis
GBCA Cumulative
dose
Outcome Source/
report date
1 6/NA/NA NA NA NA NA ICNSFR
January 2004
2 8/male/NA CKD Gadodiamide Single dose Skin improvement after
kidney transplant
ICNSFR,
FAERS
February
2000
3 9/male/Caucasian PD Gadodiamide Single dose Deceased
Cardiac arrest
Pulmonary embolus
Jain et al. [18]
(2004)
Dharnidharka
et al. [15]
(2006)
FAERS,
ICNSFR
4 9/male/NA AKI,
PD, HD
Gadodiamide 0.1 + 0.3
mmol/kg
NA Foss et al.
[17] (2009)
FAERS
5 11/male/NA CKD,
HD
Gadoversetamide
Gadoteridol,
Gadobenic acid
Gadodiamide
Gadopentetate
dimeglumine
> 50 mL Deceased after kidney
transplant.
Cardiac arrest
Krous et al.
[20] (2007)
FAERS,
ICNSFR
June 2004
6 11/male/NA NA Gadopentetate
dimeglumine
Gadodiamide
Gadoversetamide
Gadobenate
Dimeglumine
Gadoteridol
NA Deceased
Cardiac arrest
FAERS
September
2011
7 13/male/Caucasian ESRD
PD
Unknown GBCA
(per author
follow-up)
NA Deceased Auron et al.
[5] (2006)
Jan et al. [19]
(2003)
8 13/NA/NA NA Gadodiamide Single dose NA FAERS
January 2007
9 14/NA/NA Renal
Osteodystrophy
NA NA NA ICNSFR
October 2004
10 14/female/NA AKI,
HD
Gadodiamide 0.26
mmol/kg
Decrease in areas of
induration and number and
size of papular lesions;
decrease in discomfort after 6
months of
hydroxychloroquine therapy.
Sanchez-Ross
et al. [21]
(2007)
Wiginton et
al. (2008 [23]
FAERS
11 14/male/Hispanic PD, HD Unknown GBCA Single dose No response to the treatment
(unknown). Deceased 2 years
later. Cardiac arrest
Sharma et al.
[22] (2008)
12 14/male/NA PD Gadodiamide
Gadopentetate
dimeglumine
40 mL NA FAERS
January 2008
13 14/male/Asian CKD
secondary to
hydronephrosis
resulting from an
ureterocele/
PD
Gadopentetate
dimeglumine
Gadodiamide
40mL Skin hardening and keratotic
papules of his extremities
resolved (at 2-year follow-
up)
FAERS
Matsumoto et
al. [28] (2012)
14 15/NA/NA NA Unknown GBCA NA NA ICNSFR
July 2005
15 16/female/Caucasian CKD,
PD, HD
Unknown GBCA
(per author
follow-up)
NA Improvement with softening
of the skin lesions and no
new areas after kidney
transplant which was done 2
years after NSF diagnosis and
15 months after starting PD.
Later rejected transplant.
Deceased on Nov 2008.
Jan et al. [19]
(2003)
16 16/male/NA NA Gadopentetate
dimeglumine
Gadodiamide
Gadoversetamide
Gadobenate
dimeglumine
Gadoteridol
NA NA FAERS
June 2011
17 16/NA/NA NA NA NA NA ICNSFR
18 17/male/NA PD Gadodiamide 20 mL Near-complete resolution
after treatment with
triamcinolone 0.1% and
calcipotriene 0.005% +
compression
stockings/nocturnal leg
elevation. Additional benefit
with 3days of pulsed IV
methylprednisolone 750 mg
followed by weekly
methotrexate
DiCarlo et al.
[16] (2006)
FAERS,
ICNSFR
19 17/NA/NA NA Unknown GBCA NA NA ICNSFR
March 2005
20 17/NA/NA NA NA NA NA ICNSFR
June 2006
21 18/NA/NA NA NA NA NA ICNSFR
July 1997
22 18/NA/NA NA NA NA NA ICNSFR
March 2004
23 <18/female/NA ESRD Gadodiamide Single dose NA FAERS
September
2008

AKI acute kidney injury, CKD chronic kidney disease, ESRD end-stage renal disease, FAERS U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, GBCA gadolinium-based contrast agent, HD hemodialysis, ICNSFR International Center for Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Research, NA not available, PD peritoneal dialysis, IV intravenous