Table 1.
Reported exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents and outcome for 23 children with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis [37]
| Case number |
Age(yrs)/gender/ race |
Renal disease/ dialysis |
GBCA | Cumulative dose |
Outcome | Source/ report date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6/NA/NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ICNSFR January 2004 |
| 2 | 8/male/NA | CKD | Gadodiamide | Single dose | Skin improvement after kidney transplant |
ICNSFR, FAERS February 2000 |
| 3 | 9/male/Caucasian | PD | Gadodiamide | Single dose | Deceased Cardiac arrest Pulmonary embolus |
Jain et al. [18] (2004) Dharnidharka et al. [15] (2006) FAERS, ICNSFR |
| 4 | 9/male/NA | AKI, PD, HD |
Gadodiamide | 0.1 + 0.3 mmol/kg |
NA | Foss et al. [17] (2009) FAERS |
| 5 | 11/male/NA | CKD, HD |
Gadoversetamide Gadoteridol, Gadobenic acid Gadodiamide Gadopentetate dimeglumine |
> 50 mL | Deceased after kidney transplant. Cardiac arrest |
Krous et al. [20] (2007) FAERS, ICNSFR June 2004 |
| 6 | 11/male/NA | NA | Gadopentetate dimeglumine Gadodiamide Gadoversetamide Gadobenate Dimeglumine Gadoteridol |
NA | Deceased Cardiac arrest |
FAERS September 2011 |
| 7 | 13/male/Caucasian | ESRD PD |
Unknown GBCA (per author follow-up) |
NA | Deceased | Auron et al. [5] (2006) Jan et al. [19] (2003) |
| 8 | 13/NA/NA | NA | Gadodiamide | Single dose | NA | FAERS January 2007 |
| 9 | 14/NA/NA | Renal Osteodystrophy |
NA | NA | NA | ICNSFR October 2004 |
| 10 | 14/female/NA | AKI, HD |
Gadodiamide | 0.26 mmol/kg |
Decrease in areas of induration and number and size of papular lesions; decrease in discomfort after 6 months of hydroxychloroquine therapy. |
Sanchez-Ross et al. [21] (2007) Wiginton et al. (2008 [23] FAERS |
| 11 | 14/male/Hispanic | PD, HD | Unknown GBCA | Single dose | No response to the treatment (unknown). Deceased 2 years later. Cardiac arrest |
Sharma et al. [22] (2008) |
| 12 | 14/male/NA | PD | Gadodiamide Gadopentetate dimeglumine |
40 mL | NA | FAERS January 2008 |
| 13 | 14/male/Asian | CKD secondary to hydronephrosis resulting from an ureterocele/ PD |
Gadopentetate dimeglumine Gadodiamide |
40mL | Skin hardening and keratotic papules of his extremities resolved (at 2-year follow- up) |
FAERS Matsumoto et al. [28] (2012) |
| 14 | 15/NA/NA | NA | Unknown GBCA | NA | NA | ICNSFR July 2005 |
| 15 | 16/female/Caucasian | CKD, PD, HD |
Unknown GBCA (per author follow-up) |
NA | Improvement with softening of the skin lesions and no new areas after kidney transplant which was done 2 years after NSF diagnosis and 15 months after starting PD. Later rejected transplant. Deceased on Nov 2008. |
Jan et al. [19] (2003) |
| 16 | 16/male/NA | NA | Gadopentetate dimeglumine Gadodiamide Gadoversetamide Gadobenate dimeglumine Gadoteridol |
NA | NA | FAERS June 2011 |
| 17 | 16/NA/NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ICNSFR |
| 18 | 17/male/NA | PD | Gadodiamide | 20 mL | Near-complete resolution after treatment with triamcinolone 0.1% and calcipotriene 0.005% + compression stockings/nocturnal leg elevation. Additional benefit with 3days of pulsed IV methylprednisolone 750 mg followed by weekly methotrexate |
DiCarlo et al. [16] (2006) FAERS, ICNSFR |
| 19 | 17/NA/NA | NA | Unknown GBCA | NA | NA | ICNSFR March 2005 |
| 20 | 17/NA/NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ICNSFR June 2006 |
| 21 | 18/NA/NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ICNSFR July 1997 |
| 22 | 18/NA/NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ICNSFR March 2004 |
| 23 | <18/female/NA | ESRD | Gadodiamide | Single dose | NA | FAERS September 2008 |
AKI acute kidney injury, CKD chronic kidney disease, ESRD end-stage renal disease, FAERS U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, GBCA gadolinium-based contrast agent, HD hemodialysis, ICNSFR International Center for Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Research, NA not available, PD peritoneal dialysis, IV intravenous