Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the total sample and by average sleep duration
| Total Sample | By Average Sleep Duration (in hours) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n(%) or M(SD) | < 6 | 6-6.9 | 7-7.9 | 8-8.9 | ≥ 9 | |
| Variable | n=5,666 | n=410 | n=1,121 | n=2,216 | n=1,585 | n=334 |
| Age** | 60.6 (8.5) | 61.5 (9.0) | 60.0 (8.1) | 60.1 (8.4) | 61.2 (8.5) | 61.8 (9.1) |
| U.S. stroke belt | 3,198 (56.4) | 228 (55.6) | 623 (55.6) | 1216 (54.9) | 928 (58.6) | 203 (60.8) |
| Black** | 1,865 (32.9) | 228 (55.6) | 482 (43.0) | 638 (28.8) | 410 (25.9) | 107 (32.0) |
| Male* | 2,501 (44.1) | 193 (47.1) | 477 (42.6) | 995 (44.9) | 711 (44.9) | 125 (37.4) |
| Education** | ||||||
| < HS | 287 (5.1) | 27 (6.6) | 65 (5.8) | 82 (3.7) | 88 (5.6) | 25 (7.5) |
| HS graduate | 1,207 (21.3) | 106 (25.9) | 239 (21.3) | 438 (19.8) | 336 (21.2) | 88 (26.4) |
| Some college | 1,487 (26.2) | 116 (28.3) | 307 (27.4) | 568 (25.6) | 419 (26.4) | 77 (23.1) |
| ≥ College graduate | 2,683 (47.4) | 161 (39.3) | 509 (45.4) | 1128 (50.9) | 742 (46.8) | 143 (42.8) |
| Income** | ||||||
| < $20k | 500 (8.8) | 43 (10.5) | 93 (8.3) | 181 (8.2) | 148 (9.3) | 35 (10.5) |
| $20k-$34k | 1,074 (19.0) | 97 (23.7) | 219 (19.5) | 379 (17.1) | 307 (19.4) | 72 (21.6) |
| $35k-$74k | 1,978 (34.9) | 148 (36.1) | 414 (36.9) | 781 (35.2) | 522 (32.9) | 113 (33.8) |
| ≥ $75k | 1,555 (27.4) | 83 (20.2) | 283 (25.3) | 668 (30.1) | 448 (28.3) | 73 (21.9) |
| Refused | 559 (9.9) | 39 (9.5) | 112 (10.0) | 207 (9.3) | 160 (10.1) | 41 (12.3) |
| BMI** | ||||||
| Underweight | 71 (1.3) | 5 (1.2) | 22 (2.0) | 14 (0.6) | 24 (1.5) | 6 (1.8) |
| Normal | 1,651 (29.1) | 114 (27.8) | 285 (25.4) | 672 (30.3) | 495 (31.2) | 85 (25.5) |
| Overweight | 2,372 (41.9) | 145 (35.4) | 484 (43.2) | 957 (43.2) | 640 (40.4) | 146 (43.7) |
| Obese | 1,572 (27.7) | 146 (35.6) | 330 (29.4) | 573 (25.9) | 426 (26.9) | 97 (29.0) |
| Waist(cm) | 91.8 (14.5) | 93.5 (14.6) | 92.3 (14.8) | 91.5 (14.4) | 91.3 (14.4) | 92.9 (14.9) |
| Hypertensive* | 2,276 (40.2) | 181 (44.2) | 471 (42.0) | 851 (38.4) | 626 (39.5) | 147 (44.0) |
| Heart Disease** | 514 (9.1) | 43 (10.5) | 68 (6.1) | 200 (9.0) | 167 (10.5) | 36 (10.8) |
| Dyslipidemia | 2,766 (48.8) | 201 (49.0) | 530 (47.3) | 1056 (47.7) | 803 (50.7) | 176 (52.7) |
| Diabetes** | 653 (11.5) | 60 (14.6) | 145 (12.9) | 202 (9.1) | 195 (12.3) | 51 (15.3) |
| CESD-4** | 0.7 (1.5) | 0.9 (1.7) | 0.8 (1.6) | 0.7 (1.4) | 0.6 (1.5) | 0.8 (1.6) |
| PSS** | 2.7 (2.5) | 3.0 (2.8) | 2.9 (2.7) | 2.7 (2.4) | 2.4 (2.4) | 2.7 (2.8) |
| Smoking Status | ||||||
| Current | 688 (12.1) | 69 (16.8) | 130 (11.6) | 247 (11.2) | 195 (12.3) | 47 (14.1) |
| Past | 2,043 (36.1) | 140 (34.2) | 397 (35.4) | 785 (35.4) | 595 (37.5) | 126 (37.7) |
| Never | 2,916 (51.5) | 198 (48.3) | 590 (52.6) | 1177 (53.1) | 791 (49.9) | 160 (47.9) |
| Alcohol use** | ||||||
| Heavy | 258 (4.6) | 14 (3.4) | 43 (3.8) | 84 (3.8) | 91 (5.7) | 26 (7.8) |
| Moderate | 2,244 (39.6) | 136 (33.2) | 414 (36.9) | 936 (42.2) | 642 (40.5) | 116 (34.7) |
| None | 3,095 (54.6) | 253 (61.7) | 650 (58.0) | 1167 (52.7) | 837 (52.8) | 188 (56.3) |
| Exercise* | ||||||
| None | 1,462 (25.8) | 125 (30.5) | 316 (28.2) | 532 (24.0) | 394 (24.9) | 95 (28.4) |
| 1-3×/week | 2,293 (40.5) | 143 (34.9) | 442 (39.4) | 925 (41.7) | 650 (41.0) | 133 (39.8) |
| ≥ 4×/week | 1,848 (32.6) | 136 (33.2) | 352 (31.4) | 729 (32.9) | 528 (33.3) | 103 (30.8) |
| Health Status** | ||||||
| Poor or Fair | 352 (6.2) | 44 (10.7) | 83 (7.4) | 111 (5.0) | 90 (5.7) | 24 (7.2) |
| Good | 1,583 (27.9) | 132 (32.2) | 363 (32.4) | 595 (26.9) | 398 (25.1) | 95 (28.4) |
| Very Good | 2,270 (40.1) | 151 (36.8) | 412 (36.8) | 913 (41.2) | 666 (42.0) | 128 (38.3) |
| Excellent | 1,455 (25.7) | 83 (20.2) | 261 (23.3) | 594 (26.8) | 431 (27.2) | 86 (25.8) |
| HEI** | 61.6 (12.5) | 59.5 (11.4) | 60.5 (12.3) | 62.3 (12.3) | 62.1 (12.9) | 60.8 (12.1) |
Note. M(SD)=mean/standard deviation; HS=high school; BMI=body mass index; CESD-4=Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 4-item; PSS=Perceived Stress Scale; HEI=Healthy Eating Index.
*
p<.05,
**
p<.01