Table 4. Results of multivariable survival analysis: effect of baseline osteoarthritis (OA) pain and disability on risk for composite cardiovascular (CVD) outcome after adjusting for covariates and censoring on death.

Participant Characteristic	Adjusted Hazard Ratio	95% confidence interval	p-value
Age:			<0.001
55–64 (reference)	1.0
65–74	1.90	1.55–2.33	<0.001
75+	3.05	2.46–3.78	<0.001
Male (female is reference)	1.31	1.11–1.54	0.001
Pre-existing cardiovascular disease	1.86	1.61–2.15	<0.001
Diabetes	1.67	1.43–1.96	<0.001
Hypertension	1.20	1.02–1.40	0.026
Body mass index (BMI):			0.20
Underweight	1.36	0.72–2.58	0.35
Normal (reference)	1.0
Overweight	1.07	0.89–1.29	0.49
Obese	1.11	0.92–1.35	0.28
Missing	1.42	1.06–1.92	0.021
Smoking history:			0.016
Never smoked (reference)	1.0
Former smoker	1.16	0.98–1.36	0.080
Current smoker	1.38	1.10–1.72	0.004
Missing	1.47	0.95–2.27	0.083
HAQ walking score (per unit increase in score)	1.17	1.08–1.27	<0.001

Model R-square  = 0.381.