Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up characteristics of PROBIT children at 11.5 years who were fasted at least 8 hours and did not have diabetes (N=13,616)
| Variable | Intervention arm (n=7262) | Control arm (n=6354) |
|---|---|---|
| Measured at child’s birth | ||
| Maternal age, years (%) | ||
| < 20 | 13.8 | 12.6 |
| 20–34 | 81.8 | 83.2 |
| ≥ 34 | 4.3 | 4.2 |
| Maternal education (%) | ||
| Completed university | 14.1 | 13.0 |
| Advanced secondary or partial university | 48.2 | 55.2 |
| Common secondary | 33.5 | 29.1 |
| Incompleted secondary | 4.2 | 2.8 |
| Paternal education (%) | ||
| Completed university | 13.7 | 12.5 |
| Advanced secondary or partial university | 42.9 | 52.9 |
| Common secondary | 40.8 | 32.7 |
| Incompleted secondary | 2.5 | 1.9 |
| Stratum-level variable (%) | ||
| East/Urban | 33.8 | 29.8 |
| East/Rural | 14.8 | 16.0 |
| West/Urban | 31.5 | 19.5 |
| West/Rural | 19.9 | 34.7 |
| Older siblings living in household (%) | ||
| 0 | 59.0 | 54.5 |
| 1 | 33.3 | 36.4 |
| ≥ 2 | 7.7 | 9.1 |
| Maternal smoking in pregnancy (%) | 2.5 | 1.6 |
| Male (%) | 50.9 | 52.1 |
| Mean (SD) birthweight (g) | 3444 (417) | 3443 (423) |
| Measured at age 6.5 years: | ||
| Mean (SD) paternal height (cm)a | 176 (7) | 176 (7) |
| Mean (SD) paternal BMI (kg/m2)b | 25.7 (3.3) | 25.7 (3.3) |
| Measured at age 11.5 years: | ||
| Mean (SD) maternal height (cm)c | 164 (5.7) | 164 (5.8) |
| Mean (SD) maternal BMI (kg/m2)d | 26.3 (5.5) | 26.7 (5.6) |
| Mean (SD) maternal systolic BP (mmHg)e | 124 (14) | 125 (15) |
| Mean (SD) maternal diastolic BP (mmHg)e | 77 (10) | 78 (11) |
| Reported hypertension (%)f | 30.2% | 34.9% |
| Reported type 2 diabetes (%)g | 0.24% | 0.33% |
| Reported gestational diabetes (%)h | 0.06% | 0.09% |
SD = standard deviation; BMI= body mass index;
based on n =5785 experimental and 5742 control measured in PROBIT II;
based on n = 5778 experimental and 5724 control measured in PROBIT II
based on n = 7208 experimental and 6314control measured in PROBIT III;
based on n = 6119 experimental and 5433 control measured in PROBIT III;
based on n=4694 experimental and n=4541 control measured in PROBIT III;
based on n=5247 experimental and n=5073 control measured in PROBIT III;
based on n=7225 experimental and n=6311 control measured in PROBIT III;
based on n=7225 experimental and n=6318 control measured in PROBIT III.