Table 3.
Associations between demographic, economic, behavioral, social environment, and health status factors and Heathly Eating Index-2005 score >80 among older adults participating in the Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and Built Environment Study (n=1030)a
| Risk Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | |
|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ||
| Age | ||
| 71-80 years | 1.03 | (0.81, 1.31) |
| 81-99 years | 1.11 | (0.84, 1.46) |
| Female | 1.18 | (0.91, 1.52) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White | 1.29 | (0.98, 1.71) |
| Hispanic | 1.37 | (1.07, 1.75)b |
| Highest grade attended | ||
| High school | 0.78 | (0.60, 1.01) |
| College or greater | 1.04 | (0.77, 1.39) |
| ECONOMIC FACTORS | ||
| Annual income > $30,000 | 1.20 | (0.93, 1.55) |
| Food security | ||
| High food security | 1.34 | (0.81, 2.21) |
| Marginal food security | 1.33 | (0.80, 2.21) |
| Low food security | 0.90 | (0.44, 1.83) |
| BEHAVIORAL FACTORS | ||
| Mean calories | ||
| Very low (500-966 calories) | 1.93 | (1.36, 2.74)d |
| Low (967-1206 calories) | 2.18 | (1.56, 3.06)d |
| Moderate (1207-1512 calories) | 1.93 | (1.37, 2.71) d |
| Adherence to special diet(s) | 1.23 | (1.02, 1.50)b |
| Purchase food at supermarket | ||
| Once a week | 1.34 | (1.04, 1.74) b |
| More than once a week | 1.36 | (1.05, 1.78) b |
| Purchase food at bodega | ||
| Once a week | 1.07 | (0.84, 1.36) |
| More than once a week | 0.89 | (0.65, 1.22) |
| Self as primary food shopper | 1.15 | (0.89, 1.50) |
| Location of meal preparation | ||
| Home | 0.93 | (0.68, 1.28) |
| Community program | 1.23 | (0.98, 1.54) |
| Restaurants or other | 0.69 | (0.50, 0.94) b |
| Government program (delivered) | 0.96 | (0.56, 1.66) |
| SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT | ||
| Married or living with partner | 1.37 | (1.10, 1.71)c |
| Retired | 0.83 | (0.59, 1.16) |
| HEALTH STATUS FACTORS | ||
| Mild or severe depression | 0.83 | (0.61, 1.12) |
Additional co-viariates entered into stepwise regression that did not meet criteria for final adjusted model: Behavioral Factors included time spent cooking dinner, cooking abilities, cooks as much as would like, frequency groceries delivered, distance of primary food store from home; Social Environment variables included the number of people supported by household income; and Health Status Factors included self-reported, doctor diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, stroke, osteoporosis, arthritis, cancer, and number of hypertensive medications.
p<0.05;
p<0.01;
p<0.001