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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2013 Oct 22;109(1):120–127. doi: 10.1111/add.12345

Table 1.

Endorsement frequencies of gambling items.

Lifetime gambling involvement Twin sample
full sample men women
N = 878 N = 438 N = 440
Lottery 59.5 (521) 62.1 (270) 57.1 (251)
Casino tables or video games 47.1 (413) 52.2 (228) 42.1 (185)
Other gambling 38.9 (341) 47.8 (209) 30.1 (132)
Yes to any of the above 73.3 (641) 77.0 (335) 69.6 (306)
N = 641 N = 335 N = 306
Gambled > $500 in a year 3.6 (23) 6.3 (21) a
N = 23 N = 21 a
Preoccupation 39.1 (9) 42.7 (9) a
Gambled to relieve feelings 13.0 (3) 14.3 (3) a
Chasing losses 47.8 (11) 52.4 (11) a
Problems with friends or family 17.4 (4) 19.1 (4) a
Yes to any of the above 60.9 (14) 66.7 (14) a

Note: cells represent percentages (samples sizes in parentheses), Ns represent number of individuals. The twin samples only include twins from like-sex pairs.

a

Cell values are omitted due to risk of inadvertent disclosure of persons.