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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2013 Oct 22;109(1):120–127. doi: 10.1111/add.12345

Table 3.

Full model estimates of the proportion of variation in two gambling phenotypes attributable to additive genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental factors.

Proportion of Variation
Gambling Phenotype Additive Genetic Shared Environment Unique Environment
Full Sample
Any gambling .00 (ne) .50 (.04, .95) .50 (.31, .70)
Gambling Activity Count .00 (ne) .38 (.30, .46) .62 (.54, .70)
Men
Any Gambling .00 (ne) .42 (.20, .65) .58 (.35, .80)
Gambling Activity Count .00 (ne) .38 (.26, .50) .62 (.50, .74)
Women
Any Gambling .00 (ne) .55 (.37, .73) .45 (.27, .64)
Gambling Activity Count .00 (ne) .38 (.26, .49) .62 (.51, .74)

Note: Analyses performed using data from like-sex twins only. 95% confidence intervals are in parentheses, `ne' = not estimable (because the monozygotic were smaller than the dizygotic twin correlations).