Table 3.

Summary of mean values of clinical ocular surface parameters and optical coherence tomography-defined tear meniscus dimensions for each tear dysfunction group.

Groups	OSDIa	Corneal staining	Conjunctival Staining	Schirmer (mm)	TBUTb (sec)	TMHc (μm)	TMAd (μm2)
All subjects
Mean (SDe)	27.1 (±13.1)	2.7 (±4.4)	1.8 (±2.2)	14.0 (±11.0)	6.6 (±5.3)	280.68 (±147.53)	0.0395 (±0.081)
All controls
Mean (SDe)	13.7 (±2.1)	0.1 (±0.4)	0.4 (±0.4)	19.3 (±8.6)	12.4 (±4.9)	347.92 (±181.1)	0 .0621 (±0.134)
All tear dysfunction
Mean (SDe)	36.0* (±9.7)	4.7* (±5.2)	2.8* (±2.5)	11.7* (±10.3)	2.6* (±1.6)	234.45* (±124.02)	0.0271 (±0.033)
p value	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.12
MGDf
Mean (SDe)	39.2* (±11.4)	0.9* (±1.2)	2.2* (±2.1)	17.7 (±11.4)	3.9* (±1.2)	313.42 (±157.72)	0.0465 (±0.044)
p value	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.63	< 0.01	0.43	0.50
All ATDg
Mean (SDe)	32.1* (±8.8)	6.1* (±5.4)	2.7* (±2.5)	5.0* (±2.7)	2.3* (±1.4)	204.78* (±88.5)	0.0198 (±0.0218)
p value	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.06
SSATDh
Mean (SDe)	33.6* (±10.3)	8.9* (±5.4)	4.6* (±3.2)	3.1* (±2.2)	1.3* (±1.0)	170.35* (±50.66)	0.0106* (±0.0061)
p value	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02
Non-SSATDi
Mean (SDe)	29.6* (±7.2)	2.9* (±3.2)	1.8* (±1.4)	6.8* (±2.3)	3.3* (±1.4)	255.38* (±110.78)	0.0304 (±0.0284)
p value	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.03	0.17

^*Denotes statistically significance difference (p ≤ 0.05) compared to controls. P values are compared to controls.

^aOSDI: Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire

^bTBUT: Tear break-up time

^cTMH: Tear meniscus height

^dTMA: Tear meniscus height

^eSD: Standard deviation

^fMGD: Meibomian gland disease -- diagnostic criteria are provided in the Methods.¹⁷

^gATD: Aqueous tear deficiency

^hSSATD: Sjögren syndrome aqueous tear deficiency

ⁱnon-SSATD: Non-Sjögren syndrome aqueous tear deficiency