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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Neuropathol. 2013 Oct 23;127(2):221–233. doi: 10.1007/s00401-013-1194-6

Fig. 4. 2-HG and R132H IDH1 induce autophagy.

Fig. 4

(a) U87MG cells transiently transfected with GFP-LC3 showed increased autophagosome formation after 24 hours of 2-HG treatment, quantified in (b). Data represent mean ± SEM, n = 60 cells/group, 600× magnification. Western blot analysis (c) showed increased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II in U87MG cells treated with 2-HG or rapamycin (positive control) for 24 hours. (d) U87MG xenografts expressing R132H IDH1 also showed increased LC3-I to LC3-II conversion, as well as p62 accumulation. Each column in (c) represents a separate xenograft tumor, n = 3 per group. (e) Immunohistochemical staining of LC3 showed increased numbers of R132H IDH1 xenograft cells with LC3 aggregation (400×), quantified in (f). Each dot represents a single xenograft, data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 11.