Table 1.
Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of HF patients before LVAD implantation
| Characteristics | Healthy volunteers (n = 7) | Pre-operative HF patients (n = 35)
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-bleeder group (n = 13) | Bleeder group (n = 22) | ||
| Demography | |||
| Age in years, median (range) | 26 (23 – 31) | 62 (44 – 68) | 61 (40 – 82) |
| Sex (% male) | 85.7 | 92.3 | 95.5 |
| Height in meter, median (range) | 1.80 (1.56 – 1.84) | 1.75 (1.68 – 1.85) | 1.76 (1.68 – 1.84) |
| Weight in kilograms, median (range) | 89.45 (62.30 – 107.05) | 94.40 (63.50 – 116.40) | 97.56 (63.80 – 115.96) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median (range) | 27.66 (24.56 – 32.91) | 28.96 (19.47 – 39.35) | 30.93 (19.05 – 39.01) |
| History of smoking | |||
| Smokers (%) | 14.29 | 69.23 | 72.73 |
| Non-smokers (%) | 85.71 | 30.77 | 27.27 |
| History of alcoholism | |||
| Alcoholic (%) | 0 | 76.92 | 77.27 |
| Non-alcoholic (%) | 100 | 23.08 | 22.73 |
| Vital signs | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 126.29 ± 13.90 | 103.11 ± 19.53 | 108.6 ± 9.86 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 74.86 ± 11.94 | 62.22 ± 13.39 | 60.86 ± 11.99 |
| Past medical history | |||
| Heart failure (%) | 0 | 100 | 100 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 0 | 76.92 | 77.27 |
| Hypertension (%) | 0 | 61.54 | 63.64 |
| Etiology of heart disease | |||
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy (%) | 0 | 53.85 | 54.55 |
| Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (%) | 0 | 46.15 | 45.45 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (mm), mean ± SD | – | 63.70 ± 10.40 | 60.77 ±10.75 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, (%),mean ± SD | – | 15.00 ± 2.90 | 14.62 ± 1.39 |
Demographic and clinical parameters of non-bleeder versus bleeder groups of HF patients were statistically compared by Mann-Whitney ‘U’ test (for median values with range), χ2-test (for results presented as percentages) and Student’s t-test as applicable.
*
p<0.05 is considered significant.