Table 2.
Hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes by phobic anxiety score in NHS, NHS II and HPFS cohorts.
| CCI Score | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <2 | 2-<3 | 3-<4 | 4-<6 | 6 | Ptrend | ||
| Women (NHS, 1988- 2008) |
|||||||
| Cases/Person -yrs |
1667/39066 9 |
1089/22934 9 |
979/19068 5 |
1373/25435 2 |
1072/17309 1 |
||
| Age-adjusted model |
1 | 1.11 (1.03- 1.20) |
1.21 (1.12- 1.31) |
1.28 (1.19- 1.38) |
1.48 (1.37- 1.60) |
<0.000 1 |
1.06 (1.05 - 1.07) |
| Multivariate- adjusted model 1 |
1 | 1.08 (1.00- 1.16) |
1.14 (1.06- 1.24) |
1.18 (1.09- 1.26) |
1.25 (1.16- 1.35) |
<0.000 1 |
1.04 (1.03 - 1.05) |
| Multivariate- adjusted model 2 |
1 | 1.07 (0.99- 1.16) |
1.13 (1.04- 1.22) |
1.16 (1.08- 1.25) |
1.23 (1.14- 1.33) |
<0.000 1 |
1.04 (1.03 - 1.05) |
| Multivariate- adjusted model 3 |
1 | 1.06 (0.98- 1.14) |
1.10 (1.01- 1.19) |
1.11 (1.03- 1.19) |
1.13 (1.05- 1.22) |
0.0005 | 1.03 (1.02 - 1.04) |
| Women (NHS II, 1993-2011) |
|||||||
| Cases/Person -yrs |
1414/54915 6 |
875/262838 | 627/18720 3 |
849/216411 | 636/128302 | ||
| Age-adjusted model |
1 | 1.30 (1.20- 1.42) |
1.34 (1.21- 1.47) |
1.57 (1.44- 1.71) |
2.01 (1.83- 2.21) |
<0.000 1 |
1.11 (1.09 - 1.12) |
| Multivariate- adjusted model 1 |
1 | 1.26 (1.15- 1.36) |
1.22 (1.11- 1.34) |
1.35 (1.24- 1.47) |
1.55 (1.41- 1.71) |
<0.000 1 |
1.07 (1.05 - 1.08) |
| Multivariate- adjusted model 2 |
1 | 1.24 (1.14- 1.35) |
1.21 (1.10- 1.33) |
1.33 (1.22- 1.44) |
1.52 (1.38- 1.67) |
<0.000 1 |
1.06 (1.05 - 1.08) |
| Multivariate- adjusted model 3 |
1 | 1.19 (1.09- 1.29) |
1.11 (1.01- 1.22) |
1.22 (1.12- 1.32) |
1.29 (1.18- 1.42) |
<0.000 1 |
1.04 (1.03 - 1.05) |
| Men (HPFS, 1988-2008) |
|||||||
| Cases/Person -yrs |
1065/26348 8 |
452/101737 | 333/67989 | 317/68364 | 128/26615 | ||
| Age-adjusted model |
1 | 1.10 (0.99- 1.23) |
1.21(1.07- 1.37) |
1.15 (1.02- 1.31) |
1.21 (1.01- 1.46) |
0.001 | 1.04 (1.02 - 1.06) |
| Multivariate- adjusted model 1 |
1 | 1.04 (0.93- 1.16) |
1.12 (0.99- 1.27) |
1.05 (0.93- 1.19) |
1.02 (0.84- 1.22) |
0.35 | 1.01 (0.99 - 1.03) |
| Multivariate- adjusted model 2 |
1 | 1.04 (0.93- 1.16) |
1.11 (0.98- 1.26) |
1.03 (0.91- 1.17) |
0.99 (0.82- 1.19) |
0.56 | 1.01 (0.98 - 1.03) |
| Multivariate- adjusted model 3 |
1 | 1.01 (0.90- 1.13) |
1.09 (0.97- 1.24) |
0.97 (0.85- 1.10) |
0.90 (0.75- 1.09 ) |
0.49 | 0.99 (0.97 - 1.01) |
Multivariate-adjusted model 1: age (year), race (white/non-white), marital status (married/non-married), family history of diabetes, current aspirin use, smoking status (never, past, current 1-14/d, current 15-24/d, current ≥25), alcohol intake (none, .01-4.9, 5–14.9, ≥15 g/day), physical activity (<3, 3-8.9, 9-17.9, 18-26.9, ≥27 METs/wk). Among women, we also adjusted for menopausal status and hormone use (premenopausal, postmenopausal never users, postmenopausal past users, postmenopausal current users) and husband’s education (<high school, some high school, high school grade or collage grade, graduate school, not applicable or missing).
Multivariate-adjusted model 2: model 1 plus energy intake (quintile), diabetes dietary score (quintile), coffee (quintile),
Multivariate-adjusted model 3: model 2 plus BMI (<23, 23-25, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, ≥35 kg/m2),
Results for the two cohorts (NHS and NHS II) were pooled by means fixed-effects meta-analyses.